Table 12.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fiducial placement n (%)
| Ref. | Design | Indications | Techniques | Technical success | Needle | Complications |
| Pishvaian et al[215] | PS | Abdominal/mediastinal cancer (n = 13) | Fiducial placement | 11/13 (84.6) | 19 Gauge | 1 infection |
| Varadarajulu et al[222] | RS | Pancreatic cancer (n = 9) | Fiducial placement | 9/9 (100) | NR | None |
| DiMaio et al[223] | RS | Abdominal/mediastinal cancer (n = 30) | Fiducial placement | 29/30 (97) | 22 Gauge | None |
| Sanders et al[217] | PS | Pancreatic cancer (n = 51) | Fiducial placement | 46/51 (90) | 19 Gauge | 1 mild pancreatitis |
| Park et al[216] | PS | Pancreatic cancer (n = 57) | Fiducial placement | 50/57 (88) | 19 Gauge | None |
| Ammar et al[224] | RS | Abdominal cancer/lymph nodes (n = 13) | Single fiducial marker | 9/9 trans-gastric | 22 Gauge | None |
| 4/4 trans-duodenal | ||||||
| Varadarajulu et al[225] | PS | Pancreatic cancer (n = 2) | Fiducial placement | 2/2 (100) | 19 Gauge flexible | None |
| Khashab et al[218] | RS | Pancreatic cancer (n = 39) | Fiducial placement (traditional vs coiled) | 39/39 (100) | 19 and 22 Gauge | None |
| Law et al[226] | RS | Small pancreatic NET (n = 2) | Fiducial placement | 2/2 (100) | 22 Gauge | None |
| Majumder et al[219] | RS | Pancreatic cancer (n = 39) | Fiducial placement | 35/39 (89.7) | 19 Gauge | 1 mild pancreatitis |
| 4 abdominal pain | ||||||
| Yang et al[220] | RS | Prostate cancer (n = 16) | Fiducial placement | 16/16 (100) | 19 Gauge | None |
| Yang et al[221] | RS | Prostate cancer recurrence (n = 6) | Fiducial placement | 6/6 (100) | 19 Gauge | None |
| Trevino et al[227] | RS | Rectal cancer (n = 1) | Fiducial placement | 3/3 (100) | 19 Gauge (forward-view EUS) | None |
| Total | 13 studies | 278 | - | 100% (84.6%-100%) | - | 0% |
RCT: Randomized controlled trial; PS: Prospective study; RS: Retrospective study; NR: Not reported; NET: Neuroendocrine tumor: