Table 1.
Characteristics of patients undergoing liver resection n (%)
| Baseline characteristic | BIP (n = 75) | CUSA + BIP (n = 53) | CLAMP (n = 252) | P value | |
| Age1 (yr) | 54.1 (17-81) | 50.7 (16-85) | 53.7 (19-81) | 0.256 | |
| Sex | Male | 47 (62.67) | 33 (62.26) | 155 (61.51) | 0.981 |
| Cause of surgery | HCC | 38 (50.67) | 20 (37.74) | 121 (48.02) | 0.868 |
| Other malignancy | 14 (18.67) | 9 (16.98) | 43 (17.06) | ||
| Benign tumour | 8 (10.66) | 10 (18.87) | 29 (11.51) | ||
| Intrahepatic stone | 12 (16.00) | 11 (20.75) | 47 (18.65) | ||
| Others | 3 (4.00) | 3 (5.66) | 12 (4.76) | ||
| Child-Pugh | A | 56 (74.67) | 41 (77.36) | 210 (83.33) | 0.196 |
| B | 19 (25.33) | 12 (22.64) | 42 (16.67) | ||
| ICG-R15 | < 15 | 67 (89.33) | 46 (86.79) | 219 (86.90) | 0.849 |
| ≥ 15 | 8 (10.67) | 7 (13.21) | 33 (13.10) | ||
| Background liver | Normal | 31 (41.33) | 31 (58.49) | 130 (51.58) | 0.359 |
| Chronic hepatitis | 24 (32.00) | 12 (22.64) | 61 (24.21) | ||
| Cirrhosis | 20 (26.67) | 10 (18.87) | 61 (24.21) | ||
| Level of surgeon | Chief doctor | 31 (20.67) | 29 (27.36) | 127 (25.20) | 0.069 |
| Deputy director doctor | 56 (37.33) | 40 (37.74) | 226 (44.84) | ||
| Attending doctor | 63 (42.00) | 37 (34.90) | 151 (29.96) | ||
| Type of resection | Extended | 13 (17.33) | 8 (15.09) | 35 (13.89) | 0.347 |
| Hemihepatectomy | |||||
| Hemihepatectomy | 33 (44.00) | 20 (37.74) | 108 (42.85) | ||
| Lobectomy | 29 (38.67) | 21 (39.62) | 92 (36.51) | ||
| Segmentectomy | 0 | 4 (7.55) | 13 (5.16) | ||
| Wedge resection | 0 | 0 | 4 (1.59) | ||
| Tumor | Yes | 60 (80.00) | 39 (73.58) | 193 (76.59) | 0.689 |
| Tumor condition | Size, < 30 mm | 14 (23.33) | 7 (17.95) | 56 (29.02) | 0.300 |
| ≥ 30 mm | 46 (76.67) | 32 (82.05) | 137 (70.98) | ||
| Single | 36 (60.00) | 31 (79.49) | 115 (59.59) | 0.059 | |
| Multiple | 24 (40.00) | 8 (20.51) | 78 (40.41) | ||
| Superficial | 36 (60.00) | 28 (71.79) | 141 (73.06) | 0.151 | |
| Deep | 24 (40.00) | 11 (28.21) | 52 (26.94) | ||
1
P analysis of variance (F). HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; BIP: Bipolar coagulation; CUSA: Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator; CLAMP: Conventional clamp crushing; ICG-R15: Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min.