Table 1. Susceptibility of HIV-1 isolates to RAL and distinct differences in IN region sequences between RAL-selected and control-passaged viruses.

Isolate	Subtype	Tropism	Passage no.	Concn (nM)	RAL-selected variant*		Passage control
					IN sequence	RAL IC50 (nM)	IN sequence	RAL IC50 (nM)
KP-1	B	Mix	0	0	K/R7, K/R111, Q/H216, D/N278	4	K/R7, K/R111, Q/H216, D/N278	4
			8	20	K111, H216, D278	31 (7.8)	R7, R111, Q216, N278	4.5 (1.2)
			17†	20	K7, K111, H216, D278	26 (6.5)	R7, R111, Q216, N278	0.4 (0.1)
KP-2	CRF08_BC	R5	0	0	I201, ins289NQDME	16	I201, ins289NQDME	16
			18	40	G189G/R, I201, ins289NQDME	32 (2)	I201, ins289NQDME	16 (1)
			30	85	G189R, I201, ins289NQDME	55 (3.4)	I201, ins289NQDME	25 (1.6)
KP-3	B	R5	0	0	V72, A125	32	V72, A125	32
			11	25	V72, A125	25 (0.78)	V72, A125	33 (1)
			22	27.5	V72, A125	37 (1.2)	V72, A125T	13 (0.41)
KP-4	CRF01_AE	X4	0	0	–	2.1	–	2.1
			8	40	–	33 (16)	R166R/K, D279N	4.4 (2.1)
			29	40	T210I	22 (10)	G163E, R166R/K, D279N/S	4.1 (2)
89.6	B	R5X4	0	0	–	1.2	–	1.2
			8	15	–	34 (28)	–	4.4 (3.7)
			34	20	–	11 (9.2)	V180I	1.2 (1)

^*Amino acid changes in each passage variant are shown. Italicized letters represent mutations relative to the consensus subtype BC or B present in the baseline isolates. Bold letters represent amino acids selected out of the quasi-species cloud. The fold increase in RAL IC₅₀ values is shown in parentheses for in vitro-selected variants compared with those in the baseline isolates.

^†The RAL variant selected after 17 passages was compared with the control selected after 20 passages.