Table 2.
Selected characteristics of women with breast, colorectal or endometrial cancer by smoking status, Iowa Women’s Health Study
| Characteristics | % of Women
|
P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-smokers (n=1,720) | Former smokers (n=141) | Persistent smokers (n=59) | ||
| Age at baseline, years | <0.05† | |||
| Mean | 61.2 | 59.9 | 59.7 | |
| SE | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | |
| Post secondary education, % | 44.8 | 41.1 | 39.0 | 0.82 |
| General health in 1986, % Excellent | 29.6 | 35.0 | 23.7 | 0.27 |
| BMI ≥ 30kg/m2, % | ||||
| Baseline, | 26.9 | 12.2 | 15.6 | <0.05 |
| 2004 | 26.4 | 29.0 | 7.0 | <0.05 |
| % Low physical activity | ||||
| Baseline | 45.0 | 59.3 | 67.8 | <0.05 |
| 2004 | 50.5 | 64.3 | 71.9 | <0.05 |
| 3+ comorbid conditions, % | 32.5 | 32.6 | 27.2 | 0.72 |
| Type of comorbidity,% | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 17.3 | 15.6 | 8.5 | 0.19 |
| Hypertension | 66.0 | 56.0 | 69.5 | 0.05 |
| Heart disease | 27.2 | 33.3 | 20.3 | 0.13 |
| Stroke | 6.6 | 9.2 | 15.3 | <0.05 |
| Fracture | 39.1 | 38.3 | 28.8 | 0.64 |
| Cancer type, % | 0.40 | |||
| Breast | 63.1 | 66.0 | 64.4 | |
| Colorectal | 24.4 | 24.1 | 16.9 | |
| Endometrial | 12.5 | 9.9 | 18.7 | |
| Years since cancer diagnosis | NS | |||
| Mean | 8.4 | 8.2 | 8.3 | |
| SE | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.7 | |
| Cancer stage, % | <0.05 | |||
| In situ | 12.8 | 8.6 | 5.3 | |
| Local | 65.1 | 67.3 | 79.0 | |
| Regional/Distant | 22.0 | 23.7 | 15.8 | |
| Cancer treatment, % | ||||
| Surgery | 99.5 | 97.9 | 96.6 | <0.05 |
| Radiation treatment | 23.5 | 23.4 | 18.6 | 0.69 |
| Chemotherapy | 18.4 | 17.0 | 11.9 | 0.42 |
SE=standard error; NS=not significant
†
between non-smokers and former smokers as well as non-smokers and persistent smokers