FIG 6.
VLP immunization is associated with both Th1 and Th2 responses. Groups of mice were immunized with mock VLPs, M-VLP, M-VLP plus TMG, M-VLP plus αGC, F-VLP, F-VLP plus TMG, or F-VLP plus αGC on days 0 and 14 or infected with HMPV on day 0. All of the mice were then challenged with HMPV on day 28. Their lungs were collected and homogenized on day 5 postchallenge, and RNA was extracted and tested by real-time RT-PCR for multiple cytokines. All of the values were normalized to the housekeeping gene for HPRT and are reported as fold differences (determined by the ΔΔCT method) from mice that were mock VLP vaccinated. Comparisons of groups were made by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's posttest (*, P < 0.01; **, P < 0.001; ***, P < 0.0001).