Inhibition of CIRV and TBSV replication in N. benthamiana by Vps4E232Q. (A) RNA blot analysis of N. benthamiana leaves infiltrated with Agrobacterium harboring either an empty vector (35S) or a vector encoding Arabidopsis Vps4E232Q, followed by rub inoculation with full-length infectious CIRV or TBSV cDNA. The relative positions of the CIRV and TBSV genomic (gRNA) and the two subgenomic mRNAs (sg1 and sg2) are shown to the left of the gel. The numbers of days after infiltration or inoculation are indicated above the lanes. (B) RNA blot analysis of N. benthamiana leaves agro-infiltrated with either Vps4E232Q alone, empty vector (35S), and two other vectors (TRV1 and TRV2) encoding the full-length infectious TRV genome (TRV), or Vps4E232Q, TRV1, and TRV2. In panels A and B, the 28S and 18S rRNAs in the corresponding ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels are shown as a loading control.