Table IV.
Association between timing of contraceptive initiation and sexual reproductive health outcomes: results from the most parsimonious multivariate logistic regression models.
| Unadjusted |
Adjusted |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |||
| Unintended pregnancy | ||||||||
| *Adjusted for age, country of birth, education level, employment, financial status, paternal education, parity, age at first sex and number of lifetime male sex partners | ||||||||
| All women | Timing of initiation | At first intercourse | 1 | <0.001 | 0.08 | |||
| Earlier | 1.6 | 1.2–2.3 | 1.2 | 0.7–2.0 | ||||
| Later | 3.4 | 2.3–5.1 | 1.8 | 1.1–3.0 | ||||
| Pill users | Timing of initiation | At first intercourse | 1 | 0.002 | 0.04 | |||
| Earlier | 1.9 | 0.9–4.1 | 2.1 | 0.8–5.4 | ||||
| Later | 4.4 | 1.9–10.2 | 3.7 | 1.3–10.5 | ||||
| Reasons for initiation (y/n) | Contraception | 1.4 | 0.9–2.2 | 0.15 | 1.0 | 0.5–1.9 | 0.97 | |
| Skin problems | 0.4 | 0.2–0.7 | 0.004 | 0.5 | 0.2–1.3 | 0.17 | ||
| Menstrual regulation | 0.9 | 0.6–1.3 | 0.47 | 0.9 | 0.4–2.0 | 0.78 | ||
| Painful period | 1.0 | 0.7–1.6 | 0.83 | 1.5 | 0.7–3.3 | 0.30 | ||
| Ovarian problems | 1.2 | 0.6–2.6 | 0.56 | 2.1 | 0.8–5.9 | 0.14 | ||
| Abortion | ||||||||
| *Adjusted ORs for age, education, financial status, paternal education, religious affiliation, talk with mother about sex at the age of 15 years, age at first sex and lifetime number of male sexual partners. | ||||||||
| All women | Timing of initiation | At first intercourse | 1 | <0.001 | 0.03 | |||
| Earlier | 1.0 | 0.6–1.6 | 0.7 | 0.4–1.4 | ||||
| Later | 3.0 | 1.8–5.0 | 1.9 | 1.1–3.4 | ||||
| Pill users | Timing of initiation | At first intercourse | 1 | <0.001 | 0.05 | |||
| Earlier | 1.2 | 0.4–3.6 | 1.4 | 0.3–3.2 | ||||
| Later | 3.9 | 1.3–12.0 | 3.3 | 0.9–11.6 | ||||
| Reasons for initiation (y/n) | Contraception | 2.8 | 1.5–5.3 | 0.002 | 2.2 | 1.0–5.0 | 0.05 | |
| Skin problems | 0.3 | 0.1–0.9 | 0.03 | 0.4 | 0.1–1.3 | 0.11 | ||
| Menstrual regulation | 1.0 | 0.6–1.8 | 0.92 | 0.9 | 0.4–2.0 | 0.80 | ||
| Painful period | 1.1 | 0.6–1.9 | 0.79 | 1.7 | 0.8–3.5 | 0.18 | ||
| Ovarian problems | 0.6 | 0.2–1.8 | 0.34 | 0.7 | 0.2–2.5 | 0.53 | ||
| Sexually transmitted infections | ||||||||
| *Adjusted ORs for duration of sexual activity (continuous), cohabitation status and number of lifetime sexual partners. | ||||||||
| All women | Timing of initiation | At first intercourse | 1 | 0.51 | 1 | 0.99 | ||
| Earlier | 0.8 | 0.5–1.5 | 1.0 | 0.5–1.8 | ||||
| Later | 1.3 | 0.7–2.5 | 1.0 | 0.5–1.9 | ||||
| Pill users | Timing of initiation | At first intercourse | 1 | 0.52 | 1 | 0.72 | ||
| Earlier | 0.6 | 0.3–1.6 | 0.8 | 0.3–2.0 | ||||
| Later | 0.9 | 0.3–2.6 | 1.1 | 0.3–3.2 | ||||
| Reasons for initiation (y/n) | Contraception | 1.4 | 0.6–3.3 | 0.45 | 1.6 | 0.6–3.8 | 0.33 | |
| Skin problems | 1.8 | 0.8–3.8 | 0.13 | 1.7 | 0.8–3.9 | 0.19 | ||
| Menstrual regulation | 0.9 | 0.4–1.9 | 0.82 | 0.8 | 0.4–1.8 | 0.61 | ||
| Painful period | 1.3 | 0.6–2.8 | 0.44 | 1.6 | 0.7–3.5 | 0.22 | ||
| Ovarian problems | 2.1 | 0.8–5.2 | 0.12 | 3.1 | 0.8–11.2 | 0.09 | ||
| Use of less effective contraceptive practices or non-use of contraception a(when compared with use of very effective methods) among women at risk of an unintended pregnancy | ||||||||
| *Adjusted ORs for age, cohabitation status, education level, paternal education and age at first sex. | ||||||||
| All women | Timing of initiation | At first intercourse | 1 | 0.023 | 1 | 0.01 | ||
| Earlier | 0.6 | 0.4–0.9 | 0.6 | 0.4–0.9 | ||||
| Later | 1.2 | 0.7–2.0 | 1.4 | 0.8–2.3 | ||||
| Pill users | Timing of initiation | At first intercourse | 1 | 0.92 | 1 | 0.42 | ||
| Earlier | 1.1 | 0.4–2.6 | 1.3 | 0.4–4.0 | ||||
| Later | 1.2 | 0.4–3.3 | 2.1 | 0.6–7.0 | ||||
| Reasons for initiation (y/n) | Contraception | 0.8 | 0.4–1.5 | 0.55 | 1.2 | 0.6–2.4 | 0.66 | |
| Skin problems | 0.8 | 0.3–1.7 | 0.52 | 1.3 | 0.5–3.1 | 0.58 | ||
| Menstrual regulation | 1.2 | 0.6–2.2 | 0.62 | 0.9 | 0.4–2.0 | 0.73 | ||
| Painful period | 1.1 | 0.6–2.1 | 0.73 | 0.8 | 0.3–1.7 | 0.54 | ||
| Ovarian problems | 3.0 | 1.3–7.0 | 0.01 | 4.7 | 1.8–12.3 | 0.002 | ||
aUse of less effective contraceptive methods includes condoms, withdrawal, spermicides, fertility awareness methods.