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Surgical treatment options for stage IV AAFD
| Foot/ankle deformity | Non-arthritic, flexible ankle | Rigid or flexible/arthritic ankle |
|---|---|---|
| Flexible foot | Flatfoot reconstruction with deltoid reconstruction | Flatfoot reconstruction with either ankle fusion or TAR. |
| Rigid foot | Triple arthrodesis with deltoid reconstruction | Triple arthrodesis with TAR or pantalar fusion |
AAFD adult acquired flatfoot deformity, TAR total ankle replacement
