Table 4.
Predictors of unfavorable outcome (compared to cure) assessed at the end of study (n = 392) †
|
Variable |
Univariate |
Multivariate‡ |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Gender |
Female |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| |
Male |
1.29 |
0.70-2.35 |
1.14 |
0.59-2.20 |
| Age |
20-34 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| |
35-49 |
1.96* |
1.07-3.57 |
2.14* |
1.11-4.14 |
| |
≥50 |
2.75** |
1.50-5.05 |
2.97** |
1.51-5.86 |
| Body Mass Index |
<18.5 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| |
≥18.5 |
0.47** |
0.31-0.73 |
0.33*** |
0.20-0.54 |
| Diabetes |
No |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| |
Yes |
2.47*** |
1.51-4.05 |
2.57** |
1.46-4.52 |
| Alcohol, within 6 months |
Less than once a week |
1 |
|
- |
|
| |
Several times a week |
0.52 |
0.26-1.05 |
|
|
| |
At least once a day |
0.92 |
0.58-1.48 |
|
|
| Smoking, within 6 months |
Never smoked |
1 |
|
- |
|
| |
< 1 pack/day |
1.71 |
0.99-2.97 |
|
|
| |
1 pack/day |
1.14 |
0.66-1.97 |
|
|
| |
> 1 pack/day |
1.03 |
0.57-1.89 |
|
|
| Residence |
Small city and town |
1 |
|
- |
|
| |
Large city |
1.19 |
0.78-1.83 |
|
|
| Education |
High school, above |
1 |
|
- |
|
| |
Middle school, below or refusal |
1.40 |
0.92-2.15 |
|
|
| Occupation |
Health care, professional and office work |
1 |
|
- |
|
| |
Service sector and laborer |
1.35 |
0.66-2.76 |
|
|
| |
Unemployment and others |
1.54 |
0.73-3.24 |
|
|
| Chest X-ray |
|
|
|
|
|
| Grade |
Minimal or moderate |
1 |
|
- |
|
| |
Far advanced |
2.09** |
1.35-3.24 |
|
|
| Cavity |
No |
1 |
|
- |
|
| |
Yes or not clear |
1.25 |
0.72-2.15 |
|
|
| Nodular lesion |
No |
1 |
|
- |
|
| |
Yes or not clear |
1.44 |
0.60-3.48 |
|
|
| Bilateral |
Unilateral |
1 |
|
- |
|
| |
Bilateral |
2.67** |
1.38-5.18 |
|
|
| Number of previous treatment episodes |
0 (new case) |
1 |
|
- |
|
| |
1 |
1.7 |
0.90-3.22 |
|
|
| |
2 |
1.04 |
0.48-2.27 |
|
|
| |
≥3 |
4.66*** |
2.69-8.08 |
|
|
| History of failure |
No |
1 |
|
- |
|
| |
Yes |
3.32*** |
2.11-5.22 |
|
|
| History of TI |
No |
1 |
|
- |
|
| |
Yes |
2.26*** |
1.45-3.51 |
|
|
| Number of significant regimen changes |
0 |
1 |
|
- |
|
| |
≥1 |
1.21 |
0.75-1.93 |
|
|
| Drug Susceptibility pattern (n = 401) |
DS |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| |
Mono/poly-R |
1.42 |
0.68-2.97 |
1.45 |
0.67-3.13 |
| |
Rif, mono-R |
1.69 |
0.42-6.87 |
2.87 |
0.64-12.95 |
| MDR | 3.39*** | 2.09-5.50 | 4.51*** | 2.64-7.68 | |
*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p < 0.001.
† Favorable outcome is cured (n = 267) and unfavorable outcome includes failure (n = 22), death (n = 86) and relapse (n = 17) assessed at the end of study.
‡ Multivariate model includes age, gender and all significant factors from the univariate model.
TI: treatment interruption; DS: Drug susceptible, Mono/poly-R: mono or poly-drug resistance that is not matched with the definition of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis or rifampin mono resistance; MDR: multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.