Table 1.
Literature review of the studies using PACIC questionnaire (N = 22)
| Study | Country | Sample size | Chronic condition(s)* | Factor analysis | Gender (% male) | Age (mean + SD or %) | PACIC mean score (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maindal et al.
[37] |
Denmark |
481 |
DM |
Confirmatory |
60% |
66,4 (10,7) |
2,83 (-) |
| Rosemann et al.
[25] |
Germany |
236 |
OA |
Exploratory |
45% |
- |
2,44 (1,1) |
| Schmittdiel et al.
[46] |
USA |
4,108 |
RESP; DM; HF; CAD; Pain |
No |
50% |
61,9 (14,7) |
2,7 (1,1) |
| Vrijhoef et al.
[44] |
Netherlands |
89 |
COPD; HF; Arthritis; Geriatric disorders |
No |
49% |
56% " > 65 years" |
2,6 (-) |
| Taggart et al.
[42] |
Australia |
2,438 |
DM; IHD |
Exploratory |
47% |
63,2 (-) |
3,01 (1,07) |
| Taggart et al.
[42] |
Australia |
914 |
DM; IHD |
Exploratory |
43% |
57,4% " ≥ 60 years" |
3,07 (1,06) |
| Aragones et al.
[27] |
USA (Spanish language) |
100 |
DM |
Confirmatory |
21% |
- |
3,17 (0,82) |
| Wensing et al.
[41] |
Netherlands |
165 |
DM; COPD |
Exploratory |
53% |
68 (10,3) |
2,9 (1) |
| Rick et al.
[39] |
UK |
2,439 |
Various |
Confirmatory |
51% |
51,7% " ≥ 65 years" |
2,4 (0,87) |
| Ludt et al.
[47] |
Europe |
1,745 |
CVD |
No |
68% |
67,8 (9,9) |
2,84 (-) |
| Szecsenyi et al.
[45] |
Germany |
1,399 |
DM |
No |
46% |
70,3 (8,5) |
2,86 to 3,21 Glasgow |
| Glasgow et al.
[24] |
USA |
266 |
Various |
Confirmatory |
44% |
64,2 (10,5) |
2,6 (1) |
| Mackey et al.
[26] |
USA |
1,823 |
DM |
No |
35% |
51,5 (16,7) |
3,05 (1,19) |
| Glasgow et al.
[17] |
USA |
363 |
DM |
No |
53% |
64,1 (11,9) |
3,2 (0,9) |
| Cramm & Nieboer
[38] |
Netherlands |
1,321 |
CVD |
Confirmatory |
53% |
63,8 (10,2) |
2,68 (0,86) |
| Cramm & Nieboer
[38] |
Netherlands |
917 |
COPD |
No |
52% |
63,99 (10,19) |
2,89 (0,89) |
| Cramm & Nieboer
[48] |
Netherlands |
1,570 |
CVD |
No |
53% |
66,11 (10,57) |
2,77 (0,86) |
| Cramm & Nieboer
[50] |
Netherlands |
892 |
COPD |
No |
54% |
66.1 (10.6) |
2.89 (0.9) |
| Cramm & Nieboer
[49] |
Netherlands |
283 |
Older people (>65 years) |
Confirmatory |
46% |
75.8 (6.8) |
- |
| Cramm & Nieboer
[51] |
Netherlands |
548 |
COPD |
No |
54% |
69.1 (10.2) |
2.85 (0.92) |
| Gugiu et al.
[19,28] |
USA |
529 |
DM |
Confirmatory/ Exploratory |
52.70% |
63,4 (-) |
- |
| Spicer et al.
[18] |
New Zealand |
307 |
DM; CDV; RESP; Pain |
- |
56% |
68,4 (-) |
- |
| McIntosh [40] | Canada | 936 | - | Confirmatory | - | _ | - |
*DM: Diabetes; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; OA: Osteoarthritis; CAD: Coronary artery disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IHD: Ischaemic heart disease; HF: Heart failure; RESP: Respiratory problems (e.g. Asthma).