Table 2.
Distribution of TV viewing, cardiometabolic risk variables, and physical activity score by hostility at examination year, CARDIA, 1985–2005.
|
Variables |
Year 5 | Year 10 | Year 15 | Year 20 | Year 5 versus year 20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | P valueb | |
| Low hostility | |||||
| Exposure | |||||
| Hours of TV viewing daily | 1.9 ± 1.6 | 1.9 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 1.5 | 1.9 ± 1.6 | 0.60 |
| Outcome | |||||
| Clustered cardiometabolic risk score | −0.4 ± 3.4a | 0.04 ± 3.5 | 0.9 ± 3.8 | 1.6 ± 4.0 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 81.9 ± 13.2 | 83.6 ± 13.6 | 87.6 ± 15.2 | 90.1 ± 14.9 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (ug/dL) | 88.2 ± 10.2a | 86.1 ± 10.7 | 84.6 ± 14.2 | 95.1 ± 17.7 | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (uU/mL) | 12.6 ± 7.7a | 12.8 ± 9.5 | 13.5 ± 9.7 | 15.2 ± 9.5 | <0.001 |
| Fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) | 80.4 ± 76.7 | 85.1 ± 57.9 | 101.2 ± 92.3 | 105.9 ± 79.4 | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51.9 ± 13.4 | 50.4 ± 13.2 | 51 ± 13.1 | 54.9 ± 16.0 | 0.008 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 106.3 ± 10.5 | 107.8 ± 10.9 | 110.2 ± 12.7 | 113.7 ± 13.9 | <0.001 |
| Covariate | |||||
| Physical activity score | 377.8 ± 280.8 | 340.4 ± 260.3 | 359.2 ± 284.9 | 365.9 ± 285.8 | 0.03 |
|
| |||||
| High hostility | |||||
| Exposure | |||||
| Hours of TV viewing daily | 3 ± 2.4 | 2.8 ± 2.3 | 2.7 ± 2.2 | 2.9 ± 2.7 | 0.15 |
| Outcome | |||||
| Clustered cardiometabolic risk score | 0.4 ± 3.5a | 0.9 ± 3.6 | 1.7 ± 3.8 | 2.5 ± 3.9 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 85 ± 13.9 | 86.9 ± 14.8 | 90.6 ± 15.3 | 93 ± 15.5 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (ug/dL) | 89.9 ± 15.8a | 88.2 ± 16.5 | 86.4 ± 18.4 | 99.2 ± 28.6 | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (uU/mL) | 14.5 ± 12.1a | 14.2 ± 9.5 | 14.7 ± 11.6 | 16.7 ± 11.4 | <0.001 |
| Fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) | 83.7 ± 63.8 | 92.4 ± 80.4 | 102.7 ± 76.2 | 109.2 ± 76.2 | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51.6 ± 14.3 | 50 ± 14.6 | 49.9 ± 14.6 | 53 ± 16.7 | 0.02 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 108.9 ± 11.2 | 110.2 ± 12.2 | 114.1 ± 14.4 | 117.2 ± 14.8 | <0.001 |
| Covariate | |||||
| Physical activity score | 400.4 ± 310.8 | 348.5 ± 295 | 358.2 ± 291.7 | 340.7 ± 277.2 | <0.001 |
aResults were assessed at year 7 but not at year 5.
bResults were tested by Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the median difference between year 20 and year 5.