Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients in the TZD and non-TZD groups
| Patient characteristics | TZD n = 2,178 | Non-TZD n = 10,700 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean/SD) |
64.0 (10.4) |
64.8 (11.1) |
<0.01 |
| Female (%) |
6.9 |
7.6 |
0.28 |
| Race |
|
|
|
| White (%) |
59.9 |
64.5 |
<0.01 |
| Nonwhite (%) |
21.0 |
18.7 |
0.01 |
| Race unknown (%) |
19.1 |
16.8 |
0.01 |
| VA Freecare (%) |
59.0 |
57.1 |
0.12 |
| Distance to VA (mean/SD) |
24.8 (31.4) |
24.7 (30.0) |
0.93 |
| Physician encounters (mean/SD) |
7.0 (5.7) |
6.6 (5.6) |
0.01 |
| Prior exacerbations (mean/SD) |
0.8 (1.6) |
0.9 (1.7) |
0.04 |
| Diabetes severity index (mean/SD) |
1.5 (1.6) |
1.2 (1.4) |
<0.01 |
| Diagnostic cost group (mean/SD) |
1.12 (0.7) |
1.07 (0.7) |
0.01 |
|
Comorbidities |
|
|
|
| Atrial fibrillation (%) |
6.0 |
8.0 |
0.02 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) |
6.0 |
7.5 |
0.01 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) |
22.5 |
20.5 |
0.05 |
| Drug or alcohol abuse (%) |
7.5 |
11.0 |
<0.01 |
| Depression (%) |
15.3 |
14.6 |
0.37 |
|
Medications |
|
|
|
| Short acting β-agonist (mean/SD) |
5.6 (6.5) |
6.0 (6.6) |
0.01 |
| Inhaled corticosteroid (%) |
47.0 |
51.7 |
<0.01 |
| Leukotriene modifier (%) |
28.5 |
25.9 |
0.01 |
| Long acting β-agonist (%) | 38.0 | 40.5 | 0.03 |