Table 4.
Motor assessment as administered in 1000BRAINS.
| Test (Reference) | Functions/Parameters | Description |
|---|---|---|
| PERFORMANCE TESTS | ||
| Finger Pointing test (adopted from CAPSIT-PD) (Defer et al., 1999) | Fine motor coordination (speed and accuracy) | Moving index finger 10 times between two target buttons, which are 30 cm apart from each other, at maximum pace |
| Finger Tapping test (adopted from Halstead, 1947) | Manual dexterity, fine motor coordination (rate, regularity) | Tapping index fingers |
| 1. With right/left at internal pace | ||
| 2. With right/left at maximum pace | ||
| 3. Alternating between right and left index fingers with increasing and decreasing pace | ||
| Motor Sequences test (adopted from Luria, 1973) | (Uni- /Bimanual Motor Sequence Learning) | Series of hand movements |
| 1. Left/right hand: fist, edge, palm | ||
| 2. Bimanual: alternating fist, palm | ||
| 3. Bimanual: alternating dorso-ventral hand flaps with elevated and flexed arms | ||
| Multiple Tasks Gait test (Jülich version) (similar to: Haggard et al., 2000; Bloem et al., 2001) | Standard gait parameters (speed, step frequency, cadence) | Walking for 25 m |
| 1. Free at internal pace | ||
| Multiple tasks performance (Motor/Cognitive-tasks) | 2. With loaded tray (glass and cup (saucer) filled with water) | |
| 3. 2 + spatial imagination task (determining whether position of hour and minute hands are on the same or on different sides of the clock face, for various given times) | ||
| 4. 2 + verbal task (deciding if given words contain letters A and R) | ||
| Posturomed Oscillatory Platform (Posturomed®, HAIDER BIOSWING Weiden, Germany) (Müller et al., 2004; Boeer et al., 2010) | Ability to control balance on a displaced oscillatory platform | Two-legged stance counterbalancing of platform movement following standardized sudden platform displacements toward left, right, and rear |
| Vestibular-Cerebellar-Proprioceptive functions | ||
| SELF- AND OBSERVER-BASED RATINGS | ||
| EPESE Score (Guralnik et al., 1994) | Lower extremity function, predictor of mortality estimation and nursing home admission | Total score of tests of balance, time to walk 8 foot, and time to rise from a chair 5 times |
| FTSS Score (Buatois et al., 2008) | Postural stability, prediction of risk of falls | Time to rise from a chair 5 times without arm/hand assistance |
| (Semi-) Tandem Stance (from Berg Balance Scale) (Berg et al., 1989) | Postural stability | Both feet placed along a single straight line (toes touching heel in tandem stance, not touching in semitandem stance) |
| UPDRS Part III (Martínez-Martín et al., 1994) | Detection of (subclinical) Parkinson motor symptoms | Motor examination with rating of gait, stance, and hand/arm/leg movements |
| Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) (Powell and Myers, 1995) | Balance self-confidence | Subjective assessment of balance confidence in different daily activities |
CAPSIT-PD, Core Assessment Program for Surgical Interventional Therapies; EPESE, Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly; FTSS, Five Time Sit to Stand; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale.