Table 1.
Risk factors for periprosthetic joint infection
| Risk factors | Grade of recommendation by CDC[20] |
| Demographic characteristics | |
| Gender | - |
| Socioeconomic states | - |
| Preexistent comorbidities | |
| Cardiac disorder | - |
| Preoperative anemia | - |
| Obesity | - |
| Diabetes | Category IB |
| Smoking | Category IB |
| Malnutrition1 | No recommendation. Unresolved issue |
| Rheumatologic disease and Cessation of Steroid use2 | No recommendation. Unresolved issue |
| Coagulopathy | - |
| Malignancy | - |
| Depression and Psychosis | - |
| Treat remote or coexistent infection prior to operation | Category IA |
Enhance nutritional support for surgical patients solely as a means to prevent infection;
Taper or discontinue systemic steroid use (when medically permissible) before elective operation. CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Category IA: Strongly recommended for implementation and supported by well-designed experimental, clinical, or epidemiological studies; Category IB: Strongly recommended for implementation and supported by some experimental, clinical, or epidemiological studies and strong theoretical rationale; Category II: Suggested for implementation and supported by suggestive clinical or epidemiological studies or theoretical rationale. No recommendation. Unresolved issue. Practices which insufficient evidence or no consensus regarding efficacy exists.