Table 1.
Odds Ratios of infectious diseases (lifetime) for anxiety disorders (12 months) compared to the reference group that had no indexed anxiety disorder during the past 12 months (N = 4181).
| DSM-IV mental disorder | Whooping cough (n = 977, 23.6%) | Measles (n = 2591, 63.2%) | Mumps (n = 2066, 48.7%) | Rubella (n = 1467, 35.1%) | Chicken pox (n = 2390, 58.1%) | Scarlet fever (n = 632, 14.9%) | Tuberculosis (n = 91, 2.2%) | Dysentery (n = 52, 0.9%) | Typhus (n = 48, 1.1%) | Diphtheria (n = 181, 4.1%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any anxiety disordera (n = 727, 14.5%) | 1.69 (1.36–2.09)* (n = 220) | 1.00 (0.78–1.28) (n = 458) | 1.13 (0.92–1.40) (n = 377) | 0.96 (0.78–1.20) (n = 265) | 1.07 (0.84–1.36) (n = 430) | 1.31 (1.02–1.68)* (n = 128) | 1.51 (0.83–2.73) (n = 18) | 1.90 (0.86–4.18) (n = 12) | 1.17 (0.54–2.53) (n = 11) | 1.79 (1.21–2.64)* (n = 49) |
| Panic disorder with/without agoraphobia (n = 121, 2.3%) | 1.52 (0.97–2.34) (n = 41) | 0.68 (0.41–1.13) (n = 73) | 0.97 (0.62–1.52) (n = 65) | 0.91 (0.58–1.44) (n = 46) | 0.89 (0.54–1.45) (n = 72) | 1.08 (0.65–1.80) (n = 25) | 0.52 (0.07–3.87) (n = 1) | 0.82 (0.19–3.48) (n = 2) | 0.57 (0.07–4.31) (n = 1) | 2.82 (1.48–5.39)* (n = 14) |
| Panic attack (n = 241, 4.7%) | 1.49 (1.07–2.06)* (n = 76) | 0.91 (0.62–1.34) (n = 149) | 1.19 (0.85–1.66) (n = 130) | 0.97 (0.69–1.35) (n = 89) | 1.17 (0.79–1.72) (n = 149) | 1.29 (0.88–1.89) (n = 47) | 1.31 (0.52–3.34) (n = 6) | 1.21 (0.33–4.35) (n = 4) | 0.55 (0.13–2.36) (n = 2) | 2.46 (1.46–4.14)* (n = 22) |
| Agoraphobia without panic disorder (n = 105, 2.0%) | 2.15 (1.36–3.40)* (n = 42) | 1.81 (0.91–3.60) (n = 81) | 1.79 (1.06–3.00)* (n = 67) | 1.12 (0.68–1.83) (n = 42) | 0.78 (0.45–1.33) (n = 64) | 1.97 (1.17–3.33)* (n = 25) | 2.61 (1.001–6.82)* (n = 5) | 2.71 (0.69–10.58) (n = 4) | 2.12 (0.55–8.13) (n = 3) | 1.93 (0.83–4.47) (n = 8) |
| Simple phobia (n = 388, 7.6%) | 1.52 (1.15–2.00)* (n = 111) | 0.80 (0.59–1.09) (n = 244) | 1.00 (0.76–1.30) (n = 196) | 1.03 (0.78–1.37) (n = 146) | 1.18 (0.86–1.67) (n = 234) | 1.18 (0.85–1.63) (n = 65) | 1.54 (0.70–3.39) (n = 9) | 1.15 (0.37–3.56) (n = 4) | 0.96 (0.31–2.96) (n = 4) | 1.50 (0.92–2.45) (n = 26) |
| Phobic disorder NOS (n = 173, 3.4%) | 1.49 (0.99–2.24) (n = 48) | 1.01 (0.63–1.61) (n = 110) | 1.08 (0.73–1.60) (n = 88) | 0.86 (0.58–1.28) (n = 61) | 0.84 (0.55–1.28) (n = 102) | 1.08 (0.66–1.76) (n = 26) | 1.81 (0.57–5.73) (n = 5) | 2.88 (0.76–10.82) (n = 3) | 0.77 (0.17–3.38) (n = 2) | 1.56 (0.76–3.17) (n = 10) |
| Social phobia (n = 94, 1.9%) | 1.35 (0.80–2.27) (n = 26) | 1.71 (0.85–3.45) (n = 55) | 0.71 (0.43–1.18) (n = 45) | 0.82 (0.49–1.38) (n = 33) | 1.08 (0.56–2.10) (n = 55) | 0.64 (0.31–1.34) (n = 10) | 0.95 (0.21–4.17) (n = 2) | –b | 0.24 (0.03–1.77) (n = 1) | 1.36 (0.54–3.37) (n = 6) |
| Generalized anxiety disorder (n = 73, 1.5%) | 1.94 (1.12 –3.35)* (n = 28) | 1.28 (0.64–2.54) (n = 50) | 1.28 (0.71–2.30) (n = 37) | 0.80 (0.44–1.45) (n = 26) | 1.40 (0.68–2.85) (n = 45) | 1.32 (0.67–2.60) (n = 14) | 1.41 (0.33–5.93) (n = 2) | 1.62 (0.21–11.97) (n = 1) | –b | 1.39 (0.31–6.53) (n = 2) |
| Obsessive–compulsive disorder (n = 38, 0.7%) | 1.15 (0.53–2.49) (n = 11) | 0.82 (0.35–1.94) (n = 25) | 0.78 (0.34–1.76) (n = 16) | 0.95 (0.41–2.20) (n = 13) | 1.32 (0.51–3.38) (n = 23) | 1.10 (0.36–3.27) (n = 5) | 1.50 (0.32–6.80) (n = 2) | –b | –b | 2.16 (0.62–7.54) (n = 3) |
CI, confidence interval; DSM-IV, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition; NOS, not other specified; OR, odds ratio; n, unweighted number of subjects, % weighted percentage, *p < 0.05, adjusted for sex.
aincluding any anxiety disorder during the past 12 months.
bempty cell size.