Table 3. Monoclonal antibodies used in clinical practice.

	Antigen	Antibody	Clinical Use
Angiogenesis	VEGF	Bevacizumab	Poor risk ovarian cancer [27, 28], triple negative breast cancer [29, 30], renal cell carcinoma [31], colorectal cancer [32–34], NSCLC(35).
Growth Factors	EGFR	Cetuximab	Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [36], KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer [37–40].
	ERBB2	Herceptin	Adjuvant and metastatic Her2 positive breast cancer [41–43].
	ERBB2	Pertuzumab	Metastatic Her2 positive breast cancer [44].
	RANKL	Denosumab	Bone metastases secondary to solid tumours [45].
Haemopoieitic antigens	CD20	Rituximab	Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma [46, 47].
	CD20	Ofatumumab	Refractory CLL [48].
	CD52	Alemtuzumab	CLL [49, 50].
	Proteosome inhibitor	Bortezomib	Myeloma [51].
	CD30	Brentuximab	Relapsed Hodgkin’s lymphoma [52].
Conjugated Antibodies	CD20	90Y-labelled ibritumomab	Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma [53].
	CD20	131I-labelled tositumomab	Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma [54, 55].
	ERBB2	T-DM1 - ERBB2-emtansine (antibody-drug conjugate)	Metastatic Her2 positive breast cancer [26].
Immunomodulatory	CTLA4	Ipilimumab	Metastatic melanoma [56].

NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer,

CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.