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A) Membrane topology of NBCe1-A [148, 150]. Known mutations throughout the transporter are depicted with the majority localized to the transmembrane region. All NBCe1 variants have a transmembrane region identical to NBCe1-A, which has been most thoroughly studied. B) Membrane topology of AE1 based on Zhu et al. [143, 150]; C) Membrane topology of AE1 based on recent homology with a prokaryotic ClC transporter [15, 134].
