Table 1.
Gene | Protein | Inheritance | Renal Phenotype | Extra-Renal Phenotype |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2 | CAII | autosomal recessive | pRTA, dRTA, hypokalemia | osteopetrosis involving skull, axial skeleton, and long bones with widening of metaphyses; growth defect; intracerebral calcification |
1SLC4A4 | NBCe1 | autosomal recessive | pRTA, hypokalemia | band keratopathy; glaucoma; cataracts; elevated serum amylase and lipase and enamel defects; intracerebral calcification; decreased IQ; growth defect |
Unknown gene(s) | unknown | autosomal dominant | pRTA | colomboma; sub-aortic stenosis; decreased radial bone density; thinner iliac cortices; growth defect |
Headaches occur in patients with the R510H, L522P, and R881C missense mutations, 2311delA, and a homozygous C-terminal 65 bp-del. In heterozygous patients with the 65 bp-del and the L522P mutations headaches also occur and have been attributed to a dominant-negative effect.