Table 1.
Subject characteristics as a function of group status
| Abstinent (n=15) | Relapsed (n=15) | Group statistics | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Characteristics | M | SD | M | SD | t | df | P |
| Age | 45.5 | 9.4 | 41.1 | 10.4 | 1.2 | 28 | 0.24 |
| VIQ | 101.9 | 10.9 | 105.0 | 9.4 | −0.8 | 28 | 0.41 |
| Education (years) | 13.6 | 1.8 | 13.3 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 28 | 0.64 |
| Age of onset of cocaine use (years) | 25.0 | 8.6 | 21.8 | 6.3 | 1.2 | 28 | 0.25 |
| Recency of cocaine use (days) | 40.9 | 37.8 | 25.4 | 14.8 | 1.4 | 25 | 0.17† |
| Lifetime amphetamine use (sessions) | 201.9 | 536.3 | 1292.4 | 3007.5 | −1.4 | 28 | 0.18† |
| Lifetime cocaine use (sessions) | 15339.3 | 16130.1 | 20246.4 | 24527.1 | −0.6 | 28 | 0.52† |
| Lifetime marijuana use (sessions) | 15718.5 | 21725.1 | 7143.47 | 14874.6 | 1.3 | 28 | 0.22 |
| BDI total | 6.7 | 9.1 | 7.5 | 4.8 | −0.3 | 27 | 0.76 |
| BIS total | 66.6 | 13.1 | 75.2 | 10.2 | −2.0 | 28 | 0.06 |
| SSS total | 19.7 | 7.1 | 22.3 | 7.5 | −0.9 | 25 | 0.38 |
| CCQ desire to use | 49.6 | 10.0 | 45.6 | 10.8 | 1.0 | 25 | 0.33 |
| CCQ plan to use | 51.8 | 4.7 | 46.9 | 10.0 | 1.7 | 25 | 0.12† |
| CCQ anticipate positive outcome | 45.3 | 7.6 | 41.8 | 8.7 | 1.1 | 25 | 0.27 |
| CCQ anticipate relief from withdrawal | 38.3 | 7.4 | 40.9 | 8.1 | −0.9 | 25 | 0.39 |
| CCQ lack of control over use | 35.8 | 4.4 | 30.0 | 9.2 | 2.1 | 25 | 0.06† |
| Lifetime ADHD inattention symptoms | 3.5 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 28 | 0.25 |
| Lifetime ADHD hyperactivity symptoms | 3.9 | 4.0 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 1.4 | 28 | 0.16 |
| Conduct disorder symptoms | 2.6 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 28 | 0.37 |
| Lifetime ASPD symptoms | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 28 | 0.44 |
| Current alcohol drinks per week | 25.7 | 52.3 | 20.9 | 24.0 | 0.3 | 26 | 0.75 |
| Current cigarettes per day (smokers) | 14.3 | 8.4 | 15.0 | 5.0 | −0.2 | 15 | 0.82 |
|
| |||||||
| Self-reported post-task ratings | M | SD | M | SD | t | df | P |
|
| |||||||
| Importance in beating computer (1-5) | 4.8 | 0.4 | 3.9 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 26 | 0.02 |
| Interest in playing task (1-4) | 3.8 | 0.4 | 3.9 | 0.4 | −0.6 | 27 | 0.58 |
| Attention paid to task (1-4) | 3.9 | 0.4 | 3.9 | 0.4 | −0.1 | 27 | 0.94 |
| Attention paid to computer’s choice (1-4) | 3.7 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 26 | 0.16 |
| Attention paid to point total (1-4) | 3.9 | 0.4 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 26 | 0.04† |
|
| |||||||
| Demographics/diagnoses | Abstinent (n=15) | Relapsed (n=15) | χ 2 | df | P | ||
|
| |||||||
| % Past MDD | 0% | 20% | 3.8 | 1 | 0.05 | ||
| % Past PTSD | 20% | 7% | 0.9 | 1 | 0.35 | ||
| % Past social phobia | 7% | 7% | 0.1 | 1 | 0.92 | ||
| % Female | 7% | 20% | 1.2 | 1 | 0.28 | ||
| % African American ethnicity | 67% | 40% | 2.1 | 1 | 0.14 | ||
| % Current nicotine smokers | 53% | 60% | 0.1 | 1 | 0.71 | ||
| % Current alcohol dependence | 27% | 33% | 0.2 | 1 | 0.69 | ||
| % Current marijuana dependence | 13% | 7% | 0.4 | 1 | 0.54 | ||
Note: Unequal group variances. VIQ = verbal intelligence quotient. BDI = Beck Depression Inventory. BIS = Barratt Impulsivity Scale. SSS = Sensation Seeking Scale. CCQ = Cocaine Craving Questionnaire. ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. ASPD = antisocial personality disorder. MDD = major depressive disorder. PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder. The abstinent group has missing data for the following number of subjects: n=1 for BDI, CCQ, and n=2 for current alcohol drinks per week and post-task ratings. The relapsed group has missing CCQ for 2 subjects and SSS data for 3 subjects. For the Current Cigarettes Per Day analysis, n=8 abstinent and n=9 relapsed subjects with current tobacco dependence were included.