Table 3.

Multivariate model comparing in-hospital mortality of patients experiencing an increased distance to their nearest ED compared with those having no increase in distance

	Patients experiencing increased distance to nearest ED (n=785,385)
	Sample size	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
All time sensitive conditions
Decrease/no change in distance to nearest ED	717,808 (92.0%)	ref
Increase in distance to nearest ED	67,577 (8.6%)	1.04 (0.99, 1.09)
AMI (n=162,252)
Decrease/no change in distance to nearest ED	149,273 (92.0%)	ref
Increase in distance to nearest ED	12,979 (8.0%)	1.09 (0.94, 1.25)
Stroke (n=191,105)
Decrease/no change in distance to nearest ED	174,989 (91.6%)	ref
Increase in distance to nearest ED	16,116 (8.4%)	1.02 (0.95, 1.10)
Sepsis (n=197,357)
Decrease/no change in distance to nearest ED	178,209 (90.3%)	ref
Increase in distance to nearest ED	19,148 (9.7%)	1.04 (0.97, 1.11)
Asthma/COPD (n=234,671)
Decrease/no change in distance to nearest ED	215,337 (91.8%)	ref
Increase in distance to nearest ED	19,334 (8.2%)	1.08 (0.94, 1.24)

^*models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, gender, insurance, case-mix index, and Elixhauser comorbidities (congestive heart failure, paralysis, neurological disorders, chronic lung disease, diabetes, renal failure, liver disease, metastatic cancer, solid tumor, coagulopathy, obesity, weight loss, fluid & electrolyte disorders, chronic blood loss anemia, deficiency anemia, peripheral vascular disease, alcohol abuse, and depression), year, and zip code level clustering