Appendix Table A2.
Multivariate model comparing in-hospital mortality of patients experiencing an increased driving time to their nearest ED compared with those having a decrease or no change
| Patients experiencing increased driving distance to nearest ED (n=785,385) |
||
|---|---|---|
| Sample size | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
|
| All time sensitive conditions | ||
| Decrease/no change | 717,808 (92.0%) | Ref |
| Increase | 67,577 (8.6%) | 1.04 (0.99, 1.09) |
| AMI (n=162,252) | ||
| Decrease/no change in driving time to nearest ED | 149,273 (92.0%) | ref |
| Increase in driving time to nearest ED | 12,979 (8.0%) | 1.09 (0.94, 1.25) |
| Stroke (n=191,105) | ||
| Decrease/no change in driving time to nearest ED | 174,989 (91.6%) | ref |
| Increase in driving time to nearest ED | 16,116 (8.4%) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) |
| Sepsis (n=197,357) | ||
| Decrease/no change in driving time to nearest ED | 178,209 (90.3%) | ref |
| Increase in driving time to nearest ED | 19,148 (9.7%) | 1.04 (0.97, 1.11) |
| Asthma/COPD (n=234,671) | ||
| Decrease/no change in driving time to nearest ED | 215,337 (91.8%) | ref |
| Increase in driving time to nearest ED | 19,334 (8.2%) | 1.08 (0.94, 1.24) |
*
models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, gender, insurance, case-mix index, and Elixhauser comorbidities (congestive heart failure, paralysis, neurological disorders, chronic lung disease, diabetes, renal failure, liver disease, metastatic cancer, solid tumor, coagulopathy, obesity, weight loss, fluid & electrolyte disorders, chronic blood loss anemia, deficiency anemia, peripheral vascular disease, alcohol abuse, and depression), year, and zip code level clustering