Table 2.

Survival analyses

Parameters	Overall Survival						Malignant Progression-free survival
	Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (HR)			Adjusted Hazard Ratio			Unadjusted Hazard Ratio			Adjusted Hazard Ratio
	HR	95% CI	P	HRa	95% CI	P	HR	95% CI	P	HRa	95% CI	P
Clinical parameters
Sex
Female	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
Male	5.06	1.72–21.5	.002	10.22	2.58–17.8	.001	162	0.94–2.88	.082	1.77	0.88–3.74	.108
Age
<40	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
≥40	1.10	0.48–2.60	.821				1.26	0.74–2.18	.389
Increased intracranial pressure
No	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
Yes	1.58	0.79–2.09	.667				5.33	0.85–17.9	.067	11.31	1.44–59.7	.024
Neurological deficit
No	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
Yes	1.03	0.26–5.18	.964				1.25	0.56–2.52	.562
Seizures
Yes	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
No	4.13	1.40–11.6	.011	3.69	0.56–20.4	.161	1.12	0.58–2.38	.752
KPS
>70	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
≥70	2.84	0.44–10.1	.224				2.32	0.70–5.76	.151	1.30	0.18–5.38	.745
Imaging parameters
Cerebral lobes involved
1	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
≥2	1.99	0.84–4.7	.113	2.31	0.37–16.1	.373	1.36	0.73–2.42	.314
Corpus callosum involvement
No	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
Yes	4.69	1.07–14.6	.042	1.35	0.19–7.83	.743	2.03	0.61–5.02	.220
Anatomic location
Frontal	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
Temporal	1.63	0.57–4.32	.352				1.94	0.93–3.83	.074	2.05	0.63–5.95	.215
Parietal	1.43	0.31–4.69	.599				1.92	0.84–4.01	.116	4.20	1.28–12.99	.019
Insular	0.92	0.21–2.99	.896				1.53	0.72–3.07	.252	2.29	0.53–8.12	.069
Contrast enhancement
No	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
Yes	1.79	0.03–2.67	.001	2.29	0.02–21.5	.774	1.95	0.74–4.24	.159	1.98	0.67–5.04	.206
Tumor volume, cm3
<100	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
≥100	2.44	1.15–4.72	.0022	9.69	1.49–70.1	.017	2.44	1.14–4.72	.022	1.41	0.47–3.76	.514
VDE
<8 mm/y	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
≥8 mm/y	6.61	2.69–12.2	<.0001	26.3	5.42–185.2	<.0001	4.18	2.30–7.35	<.0001	4.23	1.81–9.40	.001
Histopathological parameters
Histological subtype
Astrocytoma	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
Oligodendroglioma	0.94	0.31–4.09	.926				0.92	0.45–2.05	.819
Mixed glioma	0.88	0.22–4.35	.873				1.09	0.48–2.67	.826
Oligodendroglial component
Yes	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
No	1.41	0.40–3.81	.549				0.91	0.47–1.94	.806
Proliferation rates
<5%	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
≥5%	1.28	0.53–3.27	.577				1.13	0.62–2.02	.684
1p19q Codeletion
Yes	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
No	3.91	1.11–24.7	.031	2.92	0.35–60.9	.353	1.50	0.80–2.87	.220
p53 Overexpression
No	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
Yes	2.42	0.95–7.41	.062	1.38	0.26–11.32	.720	1.33	0.77–2.34	.307
IDH1 expression
Yes	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
No	3.27	1.03–8.84	.044	17.86	2.15–200.1	.007	2.05	1.03–3.79	.042	2.39	1.19–4.66	.019
Therapeutic parameters
First-line surgery
No	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
Yes	0.41	0.16–0.97	.042	2.05	0.57–7.83	.270	0.53	0.31–0.90	.018	0.40	0.20–0.83	.015
First-line surgery
Biopsy	1 (ref)						1 (ref)
Partial removal	0.18	0.01–0.88	.031	0.21	0.04–1.52	.088	0.44	0.15–1.05	.067	0.27	0.07–0.83	.021
Subtotal removal	0.59	0.21–1.47	.265	0.22	0.05–0.91	.038	0.64	0.34–1.14	.127	0.51	0.24–1.11	.091
Total removal	0.31	0.02–1.58	.188	0.23	0.02–6.99	.349	0.34	0.08–0.94	.038	0.25	0.05–0.85	.025

Boldface indicates statistically significant.