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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Chem Soc. 2013 Dec 27;136(1):299–310. doi: 10.1021/ja409801p

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Biological activities of ML. (a) Effect of ML on toxicity triggered by metal-free Aβ and metal–Aβ species in N2aAPPswe cells. Cells treated with Aβ40/42 (10 µM), a metal chloride salt (CuCl2 or ZnCl2; 10 µM), or ML (10 µM) were incubated for 24 h at 37 °C. Cell viability (%) was determined by the MTT assay compared to cells treated with DMSO only (0–1%, v/v) (MTT = 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide). Data are mean ± SEM, P < 0.05, n = 3. (b) Inhibitory activity toward ROS formation in the absence and presence of freshly prepared Aβ40 (normal condition) and Aβ40 aggregates (inhibition and disaggregation conditions), determined by the 2-deoxyribose assay. The absorbance values are normalized compared to ligand-free condition (Aβ/CuCl2/ML = 25/10/125 µM). (c) Antioxidant activity of ML, DAP, 1, and a mixture of DAP and 1 (DAP + 1) identified by the TEAC assay. The TEAC values are relative to a vitamin E analogue, Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid).