TABLE 2—
Association Between Select Covariates and Substance Use Disorders Among Latinos (Weighted): National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, Wave 2; United States; 2004–2005
| Adjusted, OR (95% CI) |
||||||
| Variable | Unadjusted, OR (95% CI) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| Alcohol-only abuse/dependence | ||||||
| Discrimination | 1.54*** (1.46, 1.63) | 1.32*** (1.23, 1.40) | 2.04*** (1.84, 2.26) | 1.6*** (1.44, 1.77) | 1.47*** (1.34, 1.63) | |
| Male | 4.37*** (4.14, 4.62) | 5*** (4.69, 5.33) | 6.32*** (5.85, 6.82) | 5.01*** (4.70, 5.34) | 5.01*** (4.70, 5.34) | |
| Foreign-born | 0.44*** (0.42, 0.47) | 0.68*** (0.63, 0.72) | 0.68*** (0.64, 0.73) | 0.8*** (0.73, 0.87) | 0.68*** (0.64, 0.73) | |
| Latino ethnicity | ||||||
| Mexican (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Mexican American | 1.43*** (1.31, 1.56) | 0.92 (0.84, 1.02) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.02) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.02) | 0.98 (0.88, 1.10) | |
| Puerto Rican | 0.69*** (0.63, 0.75) | 0.5*** (0.46, 0.54) | 0.5*** (0.46, 0.54) | 0.5*** (0.46, 0.54) | 0.48*** (0.44, 0.53) | |
| Cuban | 0.25*** (0.22, 0.29) | 0.25*** (0.22, 0.29) | 0.25*** (0.21, 0.28) | 0.25*** (0.22, 0.29) | 0.32*** (0.27, 0.37) | |
| Central American | 0.65*** (0.60, 0.70) | 0.66*** (0.60, 0.72) | 0.66*** (0.60, 0.72) | 0.66*** (0.61, 0.72) | 0.77*** (0.69, 0.85) | |
| South American | 0.73*** (0.67, 0.79) | 0.75*** (0.69, 0.81) | 0.75*** (0.69, 0.81) | 0.76*** (0.70, 0.82) | 0.98 (0.88, 1.08) | |
| Other | 1.16* (1.03, 1.30) | 0.67*** (0.60, 0.75) | 0.67*** (0.60, 0.76) | 0.69*** (0.61, 0.77) | 0.66*** (0.57, 0.77) | |
| Discrimination × male | 0.55*** (0.49, 0.62) | . . . | 0.52*** (0.47, 0.58) | . . . | . . . | |
| Discrimination × foreign-born | 0.8*** (0.70, 0.91) | . . . | . . . | 0.65*** (0.57, 0.75) | . . . | |
| Discrimination × Latino ethnicity | ||||||
| Mexican (Ref) | 1.00 | . . . | . . . | . . . | 1.00 | |
| Mexican American | 0.8*** (0.70, 0.91) | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.84* (0.72, 0.97) | |
| Puerto Rican | 1.11 (0.93, 1.32) | . . . | . . . | . . . | 1.07 (0.90, 1.27) | |
| Cuban | 0.3*** (0.26, 0.35) | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.28*** (0.24, 0.33) | |
| Central American | 0.67*** (0.56, 0.80) | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.63*** (0.52, 0.77) | |
| South American | 0.4*** (0.35, 0.47) | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.42*** (0.36, 0.49) | |
| Other | 0.79 (0.61, 1.01) | . . . | . . . | . . . | 1.05 (0.81, 1.36) | |
| Alcohol/drug or drug-only abuse/dependence | ||||||
| Discrimination | 1.83*** (1.67, 2.01) | 1.46*** (1.31, 1.63) | 1.65*** (1.38, 1.98) | 1.52*** (1.32, 1.75) | 1.76*** (1.47, 2.10) | |
| Male | 2.93*** (2.61, 3.29) | 4.11*** (3.62, 4.66) | 4.45*** (3.65, 5.43) | 4.12*** (3.63, 4.67) | 4.12*** (3.63, 4.66) | |
| Foreign-born | 0.12*** (0.11, 0.13) | 0.37*** (0.33, 0.40) | 0.37*** (0.34, 0.40) | 0.35*** (0.32, 0.40) | 0.37*** (0.34, 0.41) | |
| Latino ethnicity | ||||||
| Mexican (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Mexican American | 2.08*** (1.92, 2.25) | 0.72*** (0.64, 0.80) | 0.72*** (0.64, 0.80) | 0.71*** (0.64, 0.80) | 0.77** (0.65, 0.92) | |
| Puerto Rican | 2.23*** (1.97, 2.53) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.23) | 1.08 (0.95, 1.23) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.22) | 1.19 (0.95, 1.49) | |
| Cuban | 0.97 (0.91, 1.04) | 1.08 (0.99, 1.18) | 1.07 (0.98, 1.17) | 1.07 (0.98, 1.18) | 1.08 (0.94, 1.24) | |
| Central American | 0.86** (0.79, 0.94) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.15) | |
| South American | 1.11* (1.01, 1.21) | 1.3*** (1.18, 1.43) | 1.3*** (1.18, 1.43) | 1.29*** (1.17, 1.43) | 1.67*** (1.42, 1.95) | |
| Other | 3.14*** (2.80, 3.53) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.20) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.20) | 1.04 (0.89, 1.20) | 1.16 (0.95, 1.41) | |
| Discrimination × male | 0.82 (0.66, 1.01) | . . . | 0.79* (0.63, 0.99) | . . . | . . . | |
| Discrimination × foreign-born | 1.89*** (1.60, 2.23) | . . . | 1.03 (0.87, 1.23) | . . . | ||
| Discrimination × Latino ethnicity | ||||||
| Mexican (Ref) | 1.00 | . . . | . . . | . . . | 1.00 | |
| Mexican American | 0.62*** (0.51, 0.74) | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.85 (0.68, 1.06) | |
| Puerto Rican | 0.69** (0.53, 0.89) | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.8 (0.62, 1.03) | |
| Cuban | 0.89 (0.75, 1.04) | . . . | . . . | . . . | 1.02 (0.86, 1.21) | |
| Central American | 1.17 (0.95, 1.45) | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.93 (0.76, 1.13) | |
| South American | 0.43*** (0.34, 0.54) | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.51*** (0.40, 0.66) | |
| Other | 0.39*** (0.32, 0.48) | . . . | . . . | . . . | 0.75* (0.58, 0.97) | |
Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. Models used multinomial regression and adjusted for additional covariates where indicated, as well as region, age, education, household income, current employment status, language preference, and stress. Models used no substance use disorders as the base outcome.
*P ≤ .05; **P ≤ .01; *** P ≤ .001.