Representative immunoblots and box plots of precuneus levels of total JNK, phospho-JNK (p-JNK) in cases clinically diagnosed as NCI, MCI and AD. Box-plot of the phospho-JNK/JNK ratio is also presented. β-tubulin probe was used to normalize the immunoreactive signals obtained in the blots by densitometry. Levels of total JNK (A) were stable across clinical groups, while the level of phospho-JNK (B, *p = 0.015) and phospho-JNK/JNK ratio (C, *p < 0.001) were significantly increased in AD compared to NCI. Black dots in box-plots indicate outliers.