Table 2.
Characteristics of the included studies (n = 18)
| First author, year | Cancer diagnosis | Study population (number of patients (n); mean age ± SD; %female) | Study design | Exercise intervention | Outcome measures adherence or maintenance | Adherence/maintenance (% or mean ± SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Pretreatment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Peddle, 2009 [39] |
Lung cancer |
n = 19; 64 ± 10y; 68% female |
Single-group trial |
AET 5 times a week for the duration of surgical wait time (range 4–13 weeks) |
Percentage of the prescribed number of sessions attended |
73 ± 35% |
|
During treatment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Courneya, 2008 [40] |
Breast cancer |
n = 160; 49y; 100% female |
Three-armed RCT |
1) Supervised AET or 2) RET, 3 times a week for the duration of CT (ranging from 12 to 24 weeks) |
Percentage of the expected number of sessions attended |
Group 1: 72.0 ± 30.1%; Group 2: 68.2 ± 28.4% |
| Klepin, 2011 [41] |
Acute myelogenous leukemia |
n = 24; 65.1 ± 7.8y; 62.5% female |
Single-group trial |
Supervised AET and strength training 3 times a week for 4 weeks |
Number of exercise sessions completed |
2.7 ± 2.4 |
| Shang, 2012 [42] |
Mixed (34% breast cancer) |
N = 68; 59.8 ± 10.8y; 39.7% female |
Two-armed RCT |
Home-based walking intervention 5 times a week for the duration of RT/CT (ranging from 5 to 35 weeks) |
Percentage of patients meeting the personalized exercise prescription > 2/3 of the study period |
67.7% |
| Swenson, 2010 [43] |
Breast cancer |
n = 29; 46.9y (range: 40–54); 100% female |
Two-armed RCT |
Tools and advise to perform minimal 10,000 steps per day (PA assessed over 12 months) |
Percentage of patients meeting the exercise prescription of 10,000 steps per day |
74% |
|
After treatment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Courneya, 2004 [44] |
Colorectal cancer |
n = 62; 59.9 ± 10.7y; 45.2% female |
Two-armed RCT |
Home-based AET 3–5 times a week for 16 weeks |
Average min/week of moderate-strenuous AET performed |
91.5 ± 148.4 min/week |
| Courneya, 2004 [45] |
Prostate cancer |
n = 82; 68.2 ± 7.9y; 0% female |
Two-armed RCT |
RET at fitness center 3 times a week for 12 weeks |
Number of observed exercise session attended |
28.2 ± 7.1 |
| Latka, 2009 [46] |
Breast cancer |
n = 37; 56.5 ± 9.5y; 100% female |
Two-armed RCT |
Supervised AET 3 times a week and home-based AET 2 times a week for 6 months |
Average min/week of moderate-intensity AET performed (prescribed 150 min.) |
122.8 ± 52.4 min/week |
| McGuire, 2011 [47] |
Breast cancer |
n = 120; 58.7y, 100% female |
Two-armed RCT |
Home-based strength training for 8 months and strength training in a fitness center for the following 16 months, both 2 times a week |
Percentage of the prescribed number of sessions performed |
62% |
| Pinto, 2009 [48] |
Breast cancer |
n = 43; 53.4 ± 9.1; 100% female |
Two-armed RCT |
Home-based walking intervention 2–5 days a week for 12 weeks |
Percentage of patients meeting the exercise prescription |
54-91% |
|
During and after treatment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Courneya, 2002 [49] |
Mixed (41% breast cancer) |
n = 51; 52.5 ± 10.2y; 84.4% female |
Two-armed RCT |
Home-based AET 3–5 times per week for 10 weeks |
Average min/week of moderate-strenuous AET performed |
141.1 ± 129.2 min/week |
| Courneya, 2010 [50] |
Lymphoma |
n = 60; 52.8y (range: 18–77); 38.3% female |
Two-armed RCT |
Supervised AET 3 times a week for 12 weeks |
Percentage of the expected number of sessions attended |
78 ± 30% |
|
Maintenance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Courneya, 2004 [51] |
Mixed (40% breast cancer) |
n = 30; 54.9 ± 8.0y; 77% female |
Two-armed RCT |
Home-based AET 3–5 times per week for 10 weeks |
Average min/week of moderate-strenuous exercise |
146.3 ± 143.5 min/week |
| Courneya, 2009 [52] |
Breast cancer |
n = 201; 49y; 100% female |
Three-armed RCT |
1) Supervised AET; 2) RET 3 times a week for the duration of CT (ranging from 12 to 24 weeks) or 3) a delayed 1 month supervised program for usual care patients |
Meeting AET and/or RET guidelines |
Neither: 42.3%; either: 36.8%; both: 20.9% |
| Courneya, 2011 [53] |
Lymphoma |
n = 110; 44 pt <55y and 66 pt ≥55y; 43.6% female |
Two-armed RCT |
1) Supervised AET 3 times a week for 12 weeks or 2) a delayed 1 month supervised program for usual care |
Percentage of patients meeting ACSM guideline |
55.5% |
| Loprinzi, 2012 [54] |
Breast cancer |
n = 69; 70.6 ± 1.2y; 100% female |
Three-armed RCT |
1) Supervised AET; 2) supervised RET or 3) supervised stretching and relaxation exercise 3 times a week for 12 months |
Activity status based on TTM stages |
Sufficiently active: 57%; Insufficiently active: 43% |
| Rogers, 2011 [55] |
Breast cancer |
n = 36; 53 ± 9y; 100% female |
Two-armed RCT |
1) 12 individual supervised exercise sessions, 6 discussion group sessions and 3 individual face-to-face counseling sessions over a 3 month period or 2) information on PA after a cancer diagnosis |
Daily minutes of activity of moderate-strenuous activity |
Group 1: 174.9 min/day; Group 2: 92 min/day |
| Vallance, 2010 [56] | Breast cancer | n = 266; 57y (range 36–90); 100% female | Four-armed RCT | Exercise recommendation and 1) nothing, 2) exercise for health book, 3) pedometer or 4)exercise for health book and pedometer | Percentage of patients meeting ACSM guideline | 49.2% |
ACSM = American College of Sports Medicine; AET = aerobic exercise training; CT = chemotherapy; PA = physical activity; RET = resistance exercise training; RT = radiotherapy; TTM = Transtheoretical Model.