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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 15.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2011 Apr 18;41(11):2411–2421. doi: 10.1017/S0033291711000547

Table 1.

Descriptive information and rates of panic disorder (PD) with and without agoraphobia by dataset and proportion of respondents endorsing panic attack symptoms

Epidemiological samples Clinical sample
Dataset ECA NCS NESARC-1 VATSPSUD CNCPS
  Mode Phone Face-to-face Face-to-face Phone Face-to-face
  Interview NIMH-DIS UM-CIDI AUDADIS-IV SCID SCID-UP
  Dates 1980–1985 1990–1992 2001–2002 1987–1997 Mid-1980s
  Eligible N 20861 8098 43093 2396 1168
  DSM version DSM-III DSM-III-R DSM-IV DSM-III-R DSM-III
% Female 59.0 52.6 57.0 100% 61.0
% Experiencing a panic attack/episode in the past year 64.0 62.0 38.0 – –
% Lifetime prevalence (n) :
  PD without agoraphobia 1.2/254 2.2/168 4.2/1800 2.5/60 43.8/509
  PD with agoraphobia 0.5/97a 1.4/192a 1.1/494 1.8/42 56.2/652
  Total 351 360 2294 102 1161b
Panic symptom Endorsement rate
Dyspneac 0.60 0.74 0.85 0.73 0.78
Chest pain 0.48 0.74 0.58 0.54 0.63
Chokingc 0.43 0.42 0.40 0.47 0.67
Paresthesias 0.39 0.43 0.49 0.42 0.55
Fear of dyingd 0.68 0.50 0.56 0.51 0.66
Dizzy/Faint 0.69 0.72 0.73 0.71 0.90
Tachycardia 0.87 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.90
Trembling 0.75 0.78 0.73 0.75 0.78
Sweating 0.75 0.78 0.75 0.62 0.78
Hot/Cold flashes 0.65 0.63 0.65 0.62 0.82
Dereal/deperson 0.52 0.59 0.62 0.69 0.52
Fear of going crazyd – 0.53 0.58 0.73 0.59
Nausea – 0.43 0.53 0.56 0.57

ECA, Epidemiologic Catchment Area; NCS, National Comorbidity Study ; NESARC-1, National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, Wave 1 ; VATSPSUD, Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders; CNCPS, Cross-National Collaborative Panic Study, Second Phase Investigators ; UM-CIDI, University of Michigan version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview ; NIMH-DIS, National Institutes of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule; SCID, adapted version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R; AUDADIS-IV, Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV.

a

DSM-III Agoraphobia with panic attacks.

b

Missing data for seven cases.

c

In the DSM-III and DSM-III-R, the choking and smothering symptoms were combined. In DSM-IV, smothering was combined with dyspnea and not with choking.

d

Fear of dying and fear of going crazy were combined in the DSM-III but separated in later versions of the DSM.

The symbol ‘—’ indicates that the symptom was not assessed.