Table 4.

Structural coefficients for the cross-group tests of the growth in internalizing and externalizing problems conditioned on contextual risk across lower and higher effortful control groups

	Growth Parameters
	Internalizing		Externalizing
	Intercept	Slope	Intercept	Slope
Age
Combined	−.37 (.36)	.23 (.16)	−.24 (.20)	.28 (.10)
	−.08	.21	−.09	.36*
Lower effortful control	−.70 (.41)	.41 (.17)	−.26 (.24)	.44 (.12)
	−.15	.48*	−.10	.74*
Higher effortful control	.40 (.42)	.01 (.18)	.03 (.20)	.15 (.11)
	.09	.01	.01	.25
Gender
Combined	.14 (.73)	.01 (.33)	1.87 (.40)	.03 (.21)
	.01	.00	.35*	.02
Lower effortful control	−.06 (.80)	.00 (.34)	1.99 (.48)	−.06 (.23)
	−.01	.00	.37*	−.05
Higher effortful control	−.64 (.87)	−.28 (.37)	1.09 (.41)	−.06 (.22)
	−.07	−.16	.20*	−.05
Socioeconomic risk
Combined	.58 (.27)	.05 (.13)	.45 (.15)	.09 (.08)
	.21*	.07	.28*	.19
Lower effortful control	.81 (.32)	−.48 (.13)	.55 (.19)	−.27 (.09)
	.28*	.91*	.34*	−.73*
Higher effortful control	.19 (.32)	.08 (.14)	.19 (.15)	.04 (.08)
	.07	.14	.12	.11
Maternal risk
Combined	.11 (.20)	.16 (.09)	.01 (.11)	.06 (.06)
	.05	.29	.00	.17
Lower effortful control	.12 (.20)	.15 (.08)	−.06 (.12)	.01 (.06)
	.06	.28*	−.05	.02
Higher effortful control	.15 (.29)	−.03 (.12)	.10 (.14)	.01 (.07)
	.07	−.07	.08	.02
Environmental risk
Combined	.26 (.18)	−.04 (.08)	.17 (.10)	.02 (.05)
	.15	−.09	.16	.07
Lower effortful control	.31 (.22)	.22 (.09)	.18 (.13)	.19 (.06)
	.16	.63*	.17	.79*
Higher effortful control	−.04 (.22)	.05 (.09)	.18 (.10)	.00 (.05)
	−.02	.15	.17	−.02

Note: Values are the unstandardized coefficients (standard errors) and common metric standardized beta coefficients.

^*p < .05.