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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Prosthodont. 2013 Jun 12;23(2):73–82. doi: 10.1111/jopr.12066

Table 6.

Properties of current dental core ceramics

Ceramic Type Commercial
name		 Flexural
strength
(MPa)		 Fracture
toughness
(MPa•m1/2)		 Recommended
connector
thickness (mm)		 Clinical
failure
rate
Glass-infiltrated alumina In-Ceram 236–60048–51 3.1–4.648,52 4 × 3 10–1220,21 (5y)
Lithium disilicate glass-ceramic Empress 2, e.Max Press 300–40053 2.8–3.553,54 4–5 × 3–455 1414 (4y)
Densely sintered high-purity alumina Procera® AlCeram System 487–69956 4.5–6.013 3 × 2 (anterior only)
Glass-infiltrated alumina with 35% partially Stabilized zirconia In-Ceram Zirconia System 421– 80051,52,57 6–858 4–5 × 3–4 (posterior only)58
Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline ceramic Cercon, DC-Zirkon (Dentsply); Lava (3M ESPE); e.Max Zircad (Ivoclar Vivadent); DCS-Precident (Bien-Air Group/DCS Dental AG) 900– 150013,59 9–1012,13 2.8 × 2.727