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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Investig Med. 2012 Jun;60(5):776–778. doi: 10.231/JIM.0b013e31824e9828

Table 1.

The Spectrum of Conflict Management Approaches

Response
to Conflict
Process
Type
Process
Control
Decision-making
Control
Intervention
Level
Ignore it Inaction None None Watchful waiting
Talk about it Negotiation Parties Parties Primary
Mediate it Mediation Mediator Parties Tertiary
Take it to a higher authority Arbitration Arbitrator Arbitrator Quaternary
Adjudication Hearing Officer or Judge Judge or Jury Quaternary