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(A) Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was determined by the JC-1 probe. Red fluorescence (FL2) indicates high MMP, while green fluorescence (FL1) indicates low MMP. FL2/FL1 ratio indicates MMP. (B) FL2/FL1 ratios were determined based on JC-1 fluorescence after 3T3/Rb−/− cells with or without Rb re-expression were cultured for 24 h. (C) MMP was determined by MitoTracker Red staining. Red fluorescence indicates high MMP. **P<0.01.
