Table 3.
Univariate analysis of pedestrian-motor vehicle risk by signalization characteristics on the index crossing for cases and controls, unweighted and weighted. Frequencies and proportions unless otherwise noted.
| Unweighted | OR (95% CI) | P-Value | Weighted | OR (95% CI) | P-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases N=97 % |
Controls N=97 % |
Cases N=1134 % |
Controls N=1134 % |
|||||
| Any visible signal | 0.058 | 0.178 | ||||||
| No | 53 | 62 | Ref. | 53 | 63 | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 45 | 38 | 2.50 (0.97–6.44) | 47 | 37 | 3.14 (0.54–18.2) | ||
| Traffic Regulationa | 0.331e | 0.007e | ||||||
| None | 52 | 56 | Ref. | 48 | 54 | Ref. | ||
| Phased Signal | 31 | 26 | 2.11 (0.71–6.25) | 30 | 27 | 1.75 (0.49–6.20) | ||
| Countdown Signal | 13 | 16 | 0.84 (0.28–2.48) | 19 | 17 | 1.76 (0.27–11.4) | ||
| Police | 2 | 3 | 0.44 (0.36–5.48) | 2 | 2 | 0.72 (0.22–2.33) | ||
| Phased Signal Durationb | ||||||||
| Green (seconds), Mean (SD) | 51.4 (20.0) | 45.9 (15.5) | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 0.259 | 48.9 (16.7) | 44.4 (12.9) | 1.02 (0.98–1.08) | 0.287 |
| Red (Seconds), Mean (SD) | 47.8 (28.6) | 45.6 (16.8) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.527 | 47.7 (26.3) | 44.1 (15.2) | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.544 |
| Any Pedestrian Signal | 0.416 | 0.205 | ||||||
| No | 63 | 67 | Ref. | 62 | 72 | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 37 | 33 | 1.40 (0.62–3.15) | 38 | 28 | 2.51 (0.60–10.5) | ||
| Type of Pedestrian Signal | 0.221e | 0.026e | ||||||
| None | 53 | 62 | Ref. | 53 | 63 | Ref. | ||
| Stationary Figure | 26 | 18 | 5.80 (1.32–25.6) | 20 | 11 | 11.3 (2.86–44.5) | ||
| Countdown & Figure | 12 | 16 | 1.16 (0.39–3.49) | 19 | 17 | 1.76 (0.23–13.6) | ||
| Vehicle Signal | 7 | 3 | 4.58 (0.90–23.4) | 6 | 7 | 1.86 (0.20–17.3) | ||
| Transit Police | 2 | 2 | 1.08 (0.06–18.2) | 2 | 2 | 1.33 (0.48–3.68) | ||
| Pedestrian Signal Durationc | ||||||||
| Green (Seconds), Mean (SD) | 44.1 (21.8) | 39.0 (13.1) | 1.21 (1.02–1.44) | 0.031 | 38.4 (20.6) | 35.5 (14.5) | 1.19 (1.15–1.23) | <0.001 |
| Red (Seconds), Mean (SD) | 63.6 (31.3) | 57.2 (16.5) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 0.247 | 63.2 (27.9) | 53.4 (15.3) | 1.04 (0.98–1.10) | 0.236 |
| Allowed Crossing Rate <3.5 Ft/Secd | 80 | 70 | 4.00 (0.45–35.8) | 0.215 | 94 | 73 | 9.14 (0.46–182) | 0.127 |
Stop signs or markings were excluded due to only being present at 2 cases and no controls.
N=29 unweighted matched pairs and 205 weighted matched pairs, where both case and control have phased vehicle signals
N=21 unweighted matched pairs, N=115 weighted matched pairs, where both case and control have pedestrian signals
The allowed crossing rate was how fast a pedestrian must cross the total crossing distance in the allowed green pedestrian signal time, measured in feet per second
P Value was a test for null hypothesis of equal odds ratios between categories.