TABLE I.

Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) Comparing Microbiomes of Primates, People, and Livestock

	ANOSIM Global R	Significance (P)
Among species
Within KNP: BWC vs. RC vs. RT	0.63	<0.001
Within Fragment: BWC vs. RC vs. RT	0.40	<0.001
Among locations
BWC: KNP vs. Fragment	−0.06	0.81
RT: KNP vs. Fragment	−0.169	0.99
RC: KNP vs. Fragment	0.03	0.34
RC: KNP vs. TRNPR	0.82	<0.001
People among communities	0.10	<0.001
Livestock among communities	0.09 (BO)	0.05 (BO)
	0.28 (SH)	<0.005 (SH)
	0.22 (PIG)	0.15 (PIG)
	0.15 (GT)	<0.001 (GT)

Note Primates living in Kibale National Park (KNP), in forest fragments (Fragment) and in Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya (TRNPR). “Communities” refers to the human settlements surrounding the forest fragments. RC, red colobus; BWC, black-and-white colobus; RT, red-tailed guenon; BO, cattle; SH, sheep; PIG, pigs; GT, goats.