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. 2014 Jul 15;2:48. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00048

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Copyright © 2014 Conde, Dias, Grazú, Moros, Baptista and de la Fuente.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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EDC coupling reaction. The 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) is a zero-length crosslinking agent used to couple carboxyl groups to primary amines. In the presence of N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (Sulfo-NHS), EDC can be used to convert carboxyl groups to amine-reactive Sulfo-NHS esters. The addition of Sulfo-NHS stabilizes the amine-reactive intermediate by converting it to an amine-reactive Sulfo-NHS ester, thus increasing the efficiency of EDC-mediated coupling reactions. Excess reagent and crosslinking by products are easily removed by washing with water. Once EDC is water soluble, the crosslinking can be done under physiologic conditions without adding organic solvent.