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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 20.

Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2014 Jun 20;115(1):165–175. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301141

Table 1. Serum Cytokine/ Chemokine Levels in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).

	PAH	References
CCL2 / MCP-1	↑	¹²³
CCL5 / RANTES	↑	¹²⁴
CX3CL1 / Fractalkine	↑	^{124, 125}
IL-1α^#	↑	¹²⁶
IL-1β^#	↑	^{11, 12, 126}
IL-2 ^*	↑	^{12, 126}
IL-4	↑	^{12, 127}
IL-5	∼	¹²
IL-6 ^# ^* ^$	↑	^{11, 12, 128, 126}
IL-8 ^*	↑	¹²
IL-10 ^*	↑	¹²
IL-12 ^*	↑	¹²
IL-13 ^#	∼	^{12, 129, 130, 126}
Interferon-γ	↑	¹²
TNF-α ^#	↑	^{12, 126}

Cytokines implicated in survival:

^#

¹²⁶

^*

^{12, 128}

^$

¹²⁸.

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