Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters of the research population (Mean ± SD)
| Gestational diabetes Mellitus (N = 30) | Normal Glucose Tolerance (N = 30) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal parameters | |||
| Age (year) | 32.30 ± 4.43 | 29.23 ± 4.11 | 0.007 |
| Gravidity | 2.13 ± 1.36 | 1.67 ± 0.84 | 0.115 |
| Parity | 1.33 ± 0.61 | 1.10 ± 0.31 | 0.065 |
| Pre-gravidity BMI (kg/m2) | 21.87 ± 2.48 | 20.87 ± 2.68 | 0.138 |
| Pre-partum BMI (kg/m2) | 26.89 ± 2.65 | 26.81 ± 3.20 | 0.921 |
| FBG in 1 st trimester (mmol/l) | 4.64 ± 0.72 | 4.27 ± 0.31 | 0.012 |
| OGTT-fast (mmol/l) | 4.58 ± 0.55 | 4.20 ± 0.31 | 0.002 |
| OGTT-1 h (mmol/l) | 9.81 ± 1.28 | 6.93 ± 1.32 | 0.000 |
| OGTT-2 h (mmol/l) | 9.10 ± 1.14 | 6.39 ± 1.04 | 0.000 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.14 ± 0.49 | 4.91 ± 0.32 | 0.036 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 114.57 ± 10.24 | 117.37 ± 7.70 | 0.236 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 70.93 ± 7.13 | 72.73 ± 6.14 | 0.299 |
| Fetal Parameters | |||
| Gestational Age (week) | 38.67 ± 1.06 | 39.14 ± 1.04 | 0.090 |
| Gender | |||
| Male (n, %) | 17, 56.7 | 15, 50 | 0.605 |
| Female (n, %) | 13, 43.3 | 15, 50 | 0.605 |
| Birth Weight (kg) | 3.40 ± 0.36 | 3.20 ± 0.30 | 0.026 |
| Birth Length (cm) | 50.00 ± 1.60 | 49.80 ± 1.94 | 0.664 |
| Macrosomia (n, %) | 3, 10 | 0, 0 | 0.236 |
| Head Circumference (cm) | 34.49 ± 1.30 | 34.46 ± 1.56 | 0.950 |
| Shoulder Circumference (cm) | 36.18 ± 2.54 | 35.79 ± 2.11 | 0.523 |
| Upper Arm Circumference (cm) | 11.39 ± 0.94 | 11.68 ± 0.87 | 0.209 |
| Placental diameter (cm) | 20.13 ± 3.23 | 20.10 ± 2.22 | 0.963 |
| Placental weight (kg) | 0.66 ± 0.08 | 0.56 ± 0.06 | 0.000 |
| NICU admission rate (n, %) | 6, 20 | 3, 10 | 0.470 |
BMI = body mass index; FBG = fasting blood glucose; OGTT = oral glucose tolerance test; HbA1c = Glycated hemoglobin; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; NICU = neonate intensive care unit.