Table 1.
Means and Standard Deviations for Levels and Gaps by Race/Ethnicity (N = 232)
| Levels |
Gaps |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Black | Hispanic | B-W | B-H | H-W | |
|
|
||||||
| Dependent Variables: | ||||||
| Homicide rate | 2.85 (5.43) |
15.81 (26.75) |
6.39 (8.94) |
12.96 (26.65) |
9.42 (26.25) |
3.55 (10.06) |
| Violent index rate | 331.52 (221.66) |
1311.48 (818.36) |
505.63 (334.68) |
979.96 (725.30) |
805.85 (675.12) |
174.11 (285.16) |
| Key Independent Variables: | ||||||
| Poverty | 8.65 (4.89) |
18.62 (10.39) |
18.93 (9.89) |
9.96 (8.03) |
−.31 (6.89) |
10.27 (7.21) |
| Unemployment | 5.46 (2.80) |
10.82 (6.26) |
9.28 (5.08) |
5.36 (5.63) |
1.54 (5.71) |
.381 (4.03) |
| Female Headship | 8.19 (3.45) |
24.57 (10.95) |
15.08 (8.21) |
16.38 (10.09) |
9.49 (9.42) |
6.88 (7.43) |
| Residential Instability | 44.32 (9.39) |
56.62 (12.31) |
56.43 (8.72) |
12.30 (10.39) |
.18 (10.53) |
12.11 (9.29) |
| Entropya | .71 | .71 | .71 | - | - | - |
| Control Variables: | (.18) | (.18) | (.18) | - | - | - |
| Young Male Population | 5.86 (2.50) |
7.97 (3.83) |
9.71 (3.06) |
2.11 (3.46) |
−1.74 (3.18) |
3.85 (2.67) |
| Population Density (ln)a | 8.24 (.88) |
8.24 (.88) |
8.24 (.88) |
- - |
- - |
- - |
| Police Per Capitaa | 1.41 (1.01) |
1.41 (1.01) |
1.41 (1.01) |
- - |
- - |
- - |
Note: Standard deviations in parentheses
a
Not a race-specific measure (no gaps calculated)