. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 15.

Published in final edited form as: Popul Res Policy Rev. 2009 Nov 5;29(6):819–842. doi: 10.1007/s11113-009-9167-0

Table 4.

Disparities in schooling discontinuities by orphan status, sex of the household head, and family structure

Models	Single-parent household		Two-parent household

	Male Head (1)	Female Head (2)	Male Head (3)	Female Head (4)
Panel A : (Other controls: child age and sex)
Maternal	0.13	0.79^***	0.73^***	2.95
Paternal	0.58^*	−0.17^*	1.22^***	0.42
Double orphan	0.08	0.18	0.94^***	4.24^***
Non-orphan (Ref.)	(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.00)
Chi 2 Test: Maternal = Paternal	2.46	26.89^***	8.05^***	1.26
Chi 2 Test: Maternal = Double orphan	0.03	8.42^**	1.41	0.25
Chi 2 Test: Paternal = Double orphan	2.41	8.95^**	2.50	4.59^*
Panel B: (Other controls: child age, sex, child of H. Head)
Maternal	0.34	0.34^***	0.36^**	2.38
Paternal	−0.21	−0.09	−0.18	0.47
Double orphan	−0.71^*	−0.28^*	−0.48^**	3.71
Non-orphan (Ref.)	(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.00)
Chi 2 Test: Maternal = Paternal	2.7	4.46^*	8.19^**	0.6
Chi 2 Test: Maternal = Double orphan	11.12^**	8.61^**	18.39^***	0.26
Chi 2 Test: Paternal = Double orphan	2.42	1.87	3.01	2.67

P < 0.05

^**

P < 0.01

^***

P < 0.001