TABLE 4.

Changes in levels of selected compounds in Henle cells grown with glucose or pyruvate

Compound	Pathwaya	Ratio of amt of metabolite in cells grown in supplemented medium to amt in cells grown in unsupplemented mediumb
		Glucose supplemented	Pyruvate supplemented
Glucose	Glycolysis	18.9***	0.8
Glucose-1-phosphate	Glycolysis	1.7	1.3
Glucose-6-phosphate	Glycolysis	2.0	0.6
Fructose-6-phosphate	EMP	2.8	3.4*
3-Phosphoglycerate	EMP	2.9***	2.3*
2-Phosphoglycerate	EMP	4.1**	2.8
Phosphoenolpyruvate	EMP	1.7*	1.7
Pyruvic acid	Glycolysis	0.9	2.0*
Citric acid	TCA	3.7***	12.9*
Aconitate	TCA	3.6***	12.3**
Isocitric acid	TCA	3.1***	5.9**
2-Ketoglutaric acid	TCA	1.8	6.1*
Succinic acid	TCA	0.8	1.2
Fumaric acid	TCA	1.4	3.9**
Malic acid	TCA	1.3***	2.1
Gluconic acid	PP, ED precursor	2.1*	7.8*

^aCompounds are substrates or intermediates in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, or specific glycolytic pathways: Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP), pentose phosphate (PP), or Entner-Doudoroff (ED).

^bAverage ratios for ≥3 independent determinations. Differences that are statistically different using the Student two-tailed t test are shown by asterisks: *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; and ***, P ≤ 0.001. The complete metabolome is shown in the supplemental material.