FIG 8.

Comparison of CD4 and MHC class I downregulation by acutely and chronically infected individuals. (A and B) MHC class I downregulation by nef isolates from subjects with acute and chronic infections, respectively. (C and D) CD4 downregulation by acute- and chronic-phase isolates, respectively. The percentage of downregulation was calculated relative to maximum expression levels of CD4 or MHC class I molecules, determined by using the ΔNef mutant. Data are means and standard deviations of results from at least 3 replicate infections. For acutely infected subjects, samples from the first and last study visit were tested (indicated by “V1” for visit 1, etc.). Asterisks indicate significant differences (P, <0.05) in function from NL4-3 Nef.