The chemical structures of anti-AIDS drugs that target HIV-1 RT: (a)
The clinically approved NRTIs are: (i) AZT (zidovudine, ZDV, azidothymidine,
Retrovir®) has a 3′-azido group substituted for the 3′-OH
of dTTP; (ii) ddC (dideoxycytidine, zalcitabine, Hivid®) (iii) ddI
(didanosine, Videx®), and (iv) d4T (stavudine, Zerit®) lack
3′-OH groups; (v) ABC (abacavir, Ziagen®) has a cyclopentene ring,
(vi) 3TC (lamivudine, Epivir®) has an altered β-L-pseudo-ribose
ring, (vii) FTC (emtricitabine, Emtriva®), and (viii) TFV (tenofovir) is
a nucleotide analog that has an acyclic methoxypropyl moiety substituted for the
deoxyribose ring of dATP; tenofovir is formulated as tenofovir disoproxil
fumarate (TDF, PMPA, Viread®). (b) Chemical structures of
the five NNRTI drugs approved for treating HIV-1 infections. (i) Nevirapine
(NEV, Viramune®), (ii) delavirdine (DLV,Rescriptor®), (iii)
etravirine (ETR, Intelence®), and (iv) rilpivirine (RPV,
Edurant®).