Table 1.
Table showing the sensitivity and specificity of the three proposed algorithms according to current DSM-5 rules (3/3 social and communication; 2/4 repetitive behaviours)
| Sample 1 | Sample 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial Algorithm | Youden J Algorithm | Modified Algorithm | Initial Algorithm | Youden J Algorithm | Modified Algorithm | |
| LFA | 18/18 (100%) | 14/18 (77.78%) | 18/18 (100%) | 34/35 (97.14%) | 24/35 (68.57%) | 30/35 (85.71%) |
| HFA | 18/18 (100%) | 13/18 (72.22%) | 18/18 (100%) | 15/17 (88.24%) | 5/17 (29.41%) | 14/17 (82.35%) |
| ID | 10/17 (58.82%) | 1/17 (5.88%) | 5/17 (29.41%) | 6/26 (23.08%) | 0/26 | 3/26 (11.54%) |
| LI | 5/14 (35.71%) | 1/14 (7.14%) | 3/14 (21.43%) | |||
| TD | 0/15 | 0/15 | 0/15 | 0/37 | 0/37 | 0/37 |
| All controls | ||||||
| AUC | .84 | .85 | .91 | .92 | .78 | .90 |
| SE | .05 | .05 | .03 | .03 | .05 | .03 |
| Lower | .75 | .76 | .85 | .87 | .69 | .83 |
| Upper | .93 | .95 | .98 | .98 | .87 | .97 |
| Sensitivity | 1 | .75 | 1 | .94 | .56 | .85 |
| Specificity | .67 | .96 | .83 | .91 | 1 | .95 |
| Clinical controls | ||||||
| AUC | .76 | .84 | .87 | .86 | .78 | .87 |
| SE | .06 | .05 | .05 | .05 | .05 | .05 |
| Lower | .64 | .74 | .77 | .75 | .68 | .77 |
| Upper | .88 | .94 | .97 | .96 | .87 | .96 |
| Sensitivity | 1 | .75 | 1 | .94 | .56 | .85 |
| Specificity | .52 | .94 | .74 | .77 | 1 | .89 |
LFA, low-functioning ASD group; HFA, high-functioning ASD group; ID, intellectual disability; LI, language impairment; TD, typical development, AUC, area under the curve.