Table 1:
Characteristics of the Study Sample Compared with Excluded Participants
| Study Sample(n = 3,896) | Excluded (n = 2,918) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 61.4 ± 10.1 | 63.2 ± 10.4 |
| Female, % | 52.6 | 53.2 |
| Race, % | ||
| White | 39.9 | 36.6 |
| Chinese | 12.5 | 10.8 |
| African-American | 25.6 | 30.6 |
| Hispanic | 22.0 | 22.0 |
| Height, cm | 166.4 ± 9.9 | 166.3 ± 10.2 |
| Weight, kg | 77.4 ± 16.2 | 80.3 ± 18.6 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.8 ± 5.0 | 29.0 ± 6.0 |
| Educational attainment, % | ||
| No high school degree | 15.8 | 21.1 |
| High school degree | 18.1 | 18.3 |
| Some college | 16.1 | 16.7 |
| Bachelor's degree | 18.5 | 15.5 |
| Higher than bachelor's degree | 19.1 | 16.5 |
| Cigarette smoking status, % | ||
| Never | 52.6 | 47.3 |
| Former | 35.1 | 38.7 |
| Current | 12.4 | 14.0 |
| Pack-years of smoking | 10.8 ± 22.8 | 12.3 ± 21.4 |
| Hypertension, % | 42.5 | 48.4 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 125.3 ± 20.9 | 128.3 ± 22.1 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 12.3 | 15.3 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dl | 95.9 ± 28.2 | 99.3 ± 32.8 |
| Study Site, % | ||
| St. Paul | 16.0 | 15.2 |
| Los Angeles | 18.2 | 20.9 |
| Baltimore | 17.7 | 13.6 |
| Chicago | 14.1 | 21.1 |
| New York City | 20.3 | 10.7 |
| Winston-Salem | 13.8 | 18.5 |
| Stable residential neighborhood, % | ||
| >5 yr | 79.8 | 76.0 |
| >10 yr | 63.8 | 61.8 |
| NO2, ppb | 21.8 ± 9.3 | 21.8 ± 8.6* |
| NOx, ppb | 50.5 ± 26.9 | 50.4 ± 26.7* |
Definition of abbreviations: NO2 = nitrogen dioxide; ppb = parts per billion. Data are shown as mean ± SD or percent when appropriate.
*
A total of 1,055 participants with NO2 and NOx estimates not included in the study sample because of missing magnetic resonance imaging or covariables.