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. 2014 May 16;2(5):e00284. doi: 10.14814/phy2.284

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© 2014 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 7. — Stress induces inflammatory responses in epididymal fat depots and adipocytes. Epididymal fat depots were removed after stress and were either placed in collagenase for adipocyte isolation or grinded for isolation of total protein to be analyzed via multiplex immunoassay. (A) Proinflammatory cytokine expression is increased in protein extracts from epididymal fat depots from stressed rats compared to controls. We observed increased levels of IL‐1α, MIP‐3a, RANTES, GM‐CSF, and IL‐17. (B) Our differential gene expression analysis revealed that the inflammatory network (with IL‐6 as a central node) was significantly affected by stress and (C) four of the genes identified in the heat map of inflammatory genes that increased with stress were TNFα, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and MCP‐1 and their expression was also verified using (D) real‐time PCR analysis. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (Mann–Whitney, *P <0.05, **P <0.01, n =10).