Figure 4.

Fluorescence image of histological cross-section represented fluorochrome-labeled mineral deposition in defect (a), DECBM (b), HGCS with MAPCs (c), and HGCS (d). Calcein (green) and Alizarin Red (red) were administered in series. Mineral apposition rate (MAR) at the interface between host bone-scaffold (IBHS) and inside scaffold in the defect (SID) was determined at 12 weeks after implantation of scaffolds (e). Data are shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments, P < 0.05 (scale bars: 1 mm). White arrows represent the margin of the defect.