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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 15.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2013 Feb 10;495(7440):199–204. doi: 10.1038/nature11973

Figure 1. Schematics of membrane potential predicted by different model families, decomposed into low-frequency ‘ramp’ component (red) and a theta frequency component (grey, envelope in green) during in-field (‘In’) and out-of-field periods (‘Out’).

Figure 1

a, Oscillatory interference models. Fields form when theta envelope exceeds threshold; spikes occur on peaks of theta cycles.

b, Attractor network models. Fields form when ramps exceed threshold, without precise spike timing (attractor schematic reproduced from3).

c, Attractor with theta-oscillatory input17. Fields form when ramps are high and spikes occur on peaks of theta oscillations that also drive the attractor.