Table 1.
The gender specific information of study patients (n = 297).
| Variables | Female (n = 135) Number (%) or mean ± SD |
Male (n = 162) Number (%) or mean ± SD |
Total (n = 297) Number (%) or mean ± SD |
P value for χ 2-test or t-test |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Categorical variables | ||||
| Past disease | ||||
| Yes | 94 (69.6) | 122 (75.3) | 216 (72.7) | 0.27 |
| No | 41 (30.4) | 40 (24.7) | 81 (27.3) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Yes | 9 (6.7) | 46 (28.4) | 55 (18.6) | <0.0001 |
| No | 126 (93.3) | 116 (71.6) | 241 (81.4) | |
| Type of anesthesia (general anesthesia) | ||||
| Yes | 99 (73.3) | 99 (61.1) | 198 (66.7) | 0.03 |
| No | 36 (26.7) | 63 (38.9) | 99 (33.3) | |
| Type of operation position | ||||
| Supine | 88 (65.2) | 94 (58.0) | 182 (61.3) | 0.17 |
| Prone | 18 (13.3) | 19 (11.7) | 37 (12.5) | |
| Lithotomy | 12 (8.9) | 29 (17.9) | 41 (13.8) | |
| Lateral | 13 (9.6) | 18 (11.1) | 31 (10.4) | |
| Others | 4 (3.0) | 2 (1.2) | 6 (2.0) | |
| Type of surgery | ||||
| General surgery | 64 (47.4) | 91 (56.2) | 155 (52.2) | 0.03 |
| Neurosurgery | 13 (9.6) | 11 (6.8) | 24 (8.1) | |
| Orthopedics surgery | 52 (38.5) | 42 (25.9) | 94 (31.7) | |
| Cardiac surgery | 6 (4.4) | 18 (11.1) | 24 (8.1) | |
| Warmer used | ||||
| Yes | 107 (79.3) | 135 (83.3) | 242 (81.5) | 0.37 |
| No | 28 (20.7) | 27 (16.7) | 55 (18.5) | |
| Shear | ||||
| Yes | 67 (49.6) | 80 (49.4) | 147 (49.5) | 0.97 |
| No | 68 (50.4) | 82 (50.6) | 150 (50.5) | |
| Wet | ||||
| Yes | 4 (3.0) | 12 (7.4) | 16 (5.4) | 0.09 |
| No | 131 (97.0) | 150 (92.6) | 281 (94.6) | |
| Heart-lung machine used | ||||
| Yes | 4 (3.0) | 6 (3.7) | 10 (3.4) | 0.72 |
| No | 131 (97.0) | 156 (96.3) | 287 (96.6) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure less than 60 mmHg during operation | ||||
| Yes | 104 (77.0) | 111 (68.5) | 215 (72.4) | 0.10 |
| No | 31 (23.0) | 51 (31.5) | 82 (27.6) | |
| Continuous variables | ||||
| Operation age (yrs) | 59.9 ± 14.5 | 64.9 ± 15.4 | 62.6 ± 15.2 | 0.004 |
| Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 4.4 | 25.0 ± 3.6 | 24.9 ± 4.0 | 0.76 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.2 ± 6.8 | 13.7 ± 5.3 | 13.4 ± 6.0 | 0.48 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 36.9 ± 5.5 | 38.6 ± 6.5 | 37.8 ± 6.1 | 0.02 |
| Admission Braden score | 21.7 ± 2.4 | 21.6 ± 2.3 | 21.7 ± 2.3 | 0.72 |
| Time of operation (min) | 197.4 ± 111.5 | 210.8 ± 145.6 | 204.7 ± 131.1 | 0.38 |
| Number of nursing intervention | 35.9 ± 8.2 | 36.4 ± 7.9 | 36.2 ± 8.0 | 0.65 |
| Ear temperature after operation (°C) | 35.9 ± 0.8 | 35.9 ± 0.9 | 35.9 ± 0.9 | 0.57 |
| Total time of diastolic blood pressure less than 60 mmHg (min) | 83.8 ± 94.4 | 71.1 ± 100.5 | 76.9 ± 97.8 | 0.27 |