Table 2.
Univariate analysis for comparison of characteristics in pressure ulcers among study population (n = 297).
| Types of pressure ulcers | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immediately | 30 minutes later | |||||
| Yes (n = 29) | No (n = 268) | OR (95% CI) | Yes (n = 15) | No (n = 282) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Categorical variables | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 13 | 122 | 0.97 | 5 | 130 | 0.59 |
| Male | 16 | 146 | (0.45–2.10) | 10 | 152 | (0.20–1.75) |
| Past disease | ||||||
| Yes | 21 | 195 | 0.98 | 11 | 205 | 1.03 |
| No | 8 | 73 | (0.42–2.32) | 4 | 77 | (0.32–3.34) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 4 | 51 | 0.68 | 3 | 52 | 1.11 |
| No | 25 | 217 | (0.23–2.04) | 12 | 230 | (0.30–4.06) |
| Type of anesthesia (general anesthesia) | ||||||
| Yes | 28 | 170 | 16.14 | 14 | 184 | 7.45 |
| No | 1 | 98 | (2.16–120.47) | 1 | 98 | (1.00–57.51) |
| Type of operation position | ||||||
| Supine | 3 | 179 | 1.00 | 3 | 179 | 1.00 |
| Prone | 19 | 18 | 62.98 (16.98–233.55) | 10 | 27 | 22.10 (5.72–85.43) |
| Lithotomy | 1 | 40 | 1.49 (0.15–14.72) | 0 | 41 | — |
| Lateral | 6 | 25 | 14.32 (3.37–60.91) | 2 | 29 | 4.11 (0.66–25.70) |
| Others | 0 | 6 | — | 0 | 6 | — |
| Type of surgery | ||||||
| General surgery | 6 | 149 | 1.00 | 1 | 154 | 1.00 |
| Neurosurgery | 2 | 22 | 2.25 (0.43–11.89) | 1 | 23 | 6.70 (0.40–110.79) |
| Orthopedics surgery | 18 | 76 | 5.88 (2.24–15.43) | 10 | 84 | 18.33 (2.31–145.69) |
| Cardiac surgery | 3 | 21 | 3.55 (0.82–15.26) | 3 | 21 | 22.00 (2.19–221.34) |
| Warmer used | ||||||
| Yes | 28 | 214 | 7.06 | 15 | 227 | — |
| No | 1 | 54 | (0.94–53.04) | 0 | 55 | |
| Shear | ||||||
| Yes | 12 | 135 | 0.70 | 6 | 141 | 0.67 |
| No | 17 | 133 | (0.32–1.51) | 9 | 141 | (0.23–1.92) |
| Wet | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | 15 | 0.60 | 0 | 16 | — |
| No | 28 | 253 | (0.08–4.73) | 15 | 266 | |
| Heart-lung machine used | ||||||
| Yes | 2 | 8 | 2.41 | 2 | 8 | 5.27 |
| No | 27 | 260 | (0.49–11.92) | 13 | 274 | (1.02–27.34) |
| Diastolic blood pressure less than 60 mmHg during operation | ||||||
| Yes | 24 | 191 | 1.94 | 12 | 203 | 1.56 |
| No | 5 | 77 | (0.71–5.26) | 3 | 79 | (0.43–5.66) |
| Continuous variables | ||||||
| Age (yrs) | — | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | — | 1.04 (1.00–1.09) | ||
| Body mass index (Kg/m2) | — | 1.03 (0.93–1.13) | — | 1.00 (0.87–1.14) | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | — | 0.99 (0.92–1.07) | — | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) | ||
| Hematocrit (%) | — | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | — | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | ||
| Admission Braden score | — | 0.85 (0.75–0.97) | — | 0.84 (0.71–0.98) | ||
| Time of operation (min) | — | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | — | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | ||
| Number of nursing intervention | — | 0.95 (0.89–0.99) | — | 0.94 (0.90–0.98) | ||
| Ear temperature after operation | — | 0.93 (0.60–1.44) | — | 0.77 (0.43–1.38) | ||
| Total time of diastolic blood pressure less than 60 mmHg (min) | — | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | — | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | ||