Table 2.
Relationship between socio-demographic, immunological and clinical characteristics of patients and anemia
| |
Prevalence of anemia |
Univariable analysis |
Multivariable analysis* |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | % | p-value | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
40.0 |
0.103 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Female |
44.4 |
|
1.20 |
0.96-1.49 |
1.30 |
0.98-1.74 |
| Age (years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤35 |
37.4 |
0.016 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| 36-45 |
40.8 |
|
1.15 |
0.90-1.48 |
0.96 |
0.70-1.32 |
| >45 |
46.7 |
|
1.47 |
1.13-1.92 |
1.11 |
0.79-1.57 |
| Education level |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| College |
32.0 |
<0.001 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| High school |
43.9 |
|
1.66 |
1.28-2.16 |
1.32 |
0.95-1.83 |
| Less than high school |
46.9 |
|
1.88 |
1.43-2.47 |
1.33 |
0.93-1.89 |
| Employment status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Employed |
25.5 |
<0.001 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Unemployed |
46.6 |
|
2.55 |
1.96-3.33 |
2.02 |
1.45-2.79 |
| Alcohol use |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
39.5 |
0.148 |
1 |
|
|
|
| Yes |
43.2 |
|
1.17 |
0.95-1.43 |
|
|
| Intravenous drug use |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
41.0 |
0.658 |
1 |
|
|
|
| Yes |
42.2 |
|
1.05 |
0.85-1.31 |
|
|
| BMI (kg/m2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Normal (18.5-24.9) |
49.4 |
<0.001 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Underweight (<18.5) |
74.4 |
|
2.99 |
1.96-4.54 |
1.50 |
0.91-2.47 |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9) |
26.8 |
|
0.38 |
0.29-0.49 |
0.43 |
0.32-0.59 |
| Obese (≥30.0) |
22.7 |
|
0.30 |
0.21-0.43 |
0.44 |
0.29-0.67 |
| CD4 count (cells/μL) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≥200 |
23.9 |
<0.001 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| <200 |
63.2 |
|
5.46 |
4.34-6.86 |
2.66 |
1.94-3.66 |
| HIV viral load (copies/mL) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| <10,000 |
25.4 |
<0.001 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| 10,000-100,000 |
34.0 |
|
1.51 |
1.14-2.01 |
1.13 |
0.80-1.59 |
| >100,000 |
61.1 |
|
4.62 |
3.53-6.03 |
1.94 |
1.36-2.78 |
| Platelets count (cells/μL) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≥150,000 |
36.7 |
<0.001 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| <150,000 |
56.9 |
|
2.28 |
1.78-2.91 |
1.24 |
0.89-1.71 |
| White blood cell count (cells/μL) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≥4,000 |
29.4 |
<0.001 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| <4,000 |
66.9 |
|
4.84 |
3.83-6.12 |
2.42 |
1.78-3.28 |
| Clinical AIDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
37.6 |
<0.001 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Yes |
78.7 |
|
6.15 |
4.05-9.35 |
2.39 |
1.39-4.09 |
| Received ART |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
38.0 |
0.044 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Yes | 43.4 | 1.25 | 1.01-1.55 | 0.76 | 0.56-1.03 | |
*Logistic regression, n = 1,307. Some patients (n = 179) were not considered in this analysis because they had missing values in any of the variables included in the model: Education level = 7; Employment status = 25; Alcohol use = 7; Intravenous drug use = 2; BMI = 115; CD4 count = 33; HIV viral load = 27; Platelets count = 9.
BMI, body mass index; ART, antiretroviral treatment; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.