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. 2014 Jul 10;9:3313–3324. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S62793

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© 2014 Yao et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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In vivo efficacy assay of GA-HRA.

Notes: Tumor growth kinetics with dosing every other day for 6 times (A); data are expressed as mean ± SD (n=5); ^aP<0.05, ^bP<0.01, and ^cP<0.001 versus the control, ^dP<0.05 and ^eP<0.01 versus GA solution, ^fP<0.05 versus combination of GA-ATRA-HA solution; relative body weight ratio of tumor-bearing mice after the treatment (B); data are expressed as mean ± SD (n=5); **P<0.01 versus control; representative images of paraffin-embedded tumor sections after TUNEL (the apoptotic cells shown in green) and HE staining (C).

Abbreviations: ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid; GA, gambogic acid; GA-HRA, GA-loaded HRA nanoparticles; HA, hyaluronic acid; HE, hematoxylin and eosin; HRA, hyaluronic acid-g-all-trans retinoic acid; SD, standard deviation; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling.